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首页> 外文会议>Conference on People Shaping Places Shaping People; 2003; Minneapolis, Minnesota >The 'Costs' of Operable Windows: On the Question of Operable Windows in Cold Climate Design
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The 'Costs' of Operable Windows: On the Question of Operable Windows in Cold Climate Design

机译：可操作窗户的“成本”：关于寒冷气候设计中可操作窗户的问题

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In the United States, the elimination of operable windows is one of the greatest losses in contemporary architecture. Despite the increased transparency of the building envelope, our architecture is increasingly impermeable and disconnected from the world in which we live. Yet. this trend is not shared throughout the world. In Europe natural ventilation (and subsequently operable windows) has been rediscovered as one of several viable solutions to problems with indoor air quality. In contrast, many designers in the U.S. have increasingly turned to "mechanical solutions" to solve the same problems. Despite European trends toward natural ventilation, operable windows become the exception, rather than the norm, in contemporary architecture in the United States. There are complex challenges for window design if one is to balance energy. IAQ. comfort, and occupant control. This is particularly true in cold climates, where energy efficiency has lead to extremely tight building envelopes and a subsequently higher risk of problems related to indoor air quality. Yet. is it possible in cold climates to use a "hybrid" solution that combines mechanical and natural ventilation during the cooling period? If so. how. when, and where can this be done? Interviews were conducted with leading designers, engineers, and building researchers in Minnesota to understand the breadth of design issues and related "costs" of operable windows in cold climates. The findings of the study are organized into seven critical design issues that emerged from the interviews: 1) priorities and values, 2) definition of comfort. 3) myths of mechanical ventilation control. 4) liability. 5) economics and energy. 6) precedents, and 7) design opportunities. This paper considers possible opportunities, challenges, and solutions to the design of operable windows in contemporary architectural design. While the challenges are real, and at times daunting, contemporary design can include operable This fine April afternoon, as garden bulbs push their way out from under the winter months, a cool spring breeze blows through the room. Reconnected to the outside, my cats climb in and out of the open windows, barely able to contain themselves over the excitement of their newly discovered world. I throw my house open to spring, knowing that these beautiful days are precious and few in Minnesota. Throughout the city we're celebrating and relishing the return of the sun and the coming days of summer. On a day such as this. I wonder how it came to be that operable windows are the exception, rather than the norm, in commercial and institutional buildings throughout Minnesota.
机译：在美国，消除可操作的窗户是当代建筑中最大的损失之一。尽管建筑围护结构的透明度提高了，但我们的建筑却越来越不渗透，与我们生活的世界脱节。然而。这种趋势并未在全世界共享。在欧洲，自然通风（以及随后可操作的窗户）已被重新发现，作为解决室内空气质量问题的几种可行解决方案之一。相比之下，美国的许多设计师越来越多地使用“机械解决方案”来解决相同的问题。尽管欧洲有自然通风的趋势，但在美国当代建筑中，可操作的窗户成为例外，而不是常规。如果要平衡能量，则窗户设计面临着复杂的挑战。 IAQ。舒适和乘员控制。在寒冷的气候下尤其如此，在这种气候下，能源效率导致建筑围护结构极为紧凑，随之而来的是与室内空气质量有关的问题的更高风险。然而。在寒冷的气候中是否可以使用在冷却期间结合机械通风和自然通风的“混合”解决方案？如果是这样的话。怎么样。什么时候，在哪里可以做到？与明尼苏达州的主要设计师，工程师和建筑研究人员进行了访谈，以了解设计问题的广度以及寒冷气候下可操作窗户的相关“成本”。研究的结果分为七个关键的设计问题，这些问题来自访谈：1）重点和价值观，2）舒适度的定义。 3）机械通风控制的神话。 4）责任。 5）经济和能源。 6）先例，和7）设计机会。本文考虑了当代建筑设计中可操作窗户设计的可能机遇，挑战和解决方案。尽管挑战是现实的，有时甚至是艰巨的，但当代设计可以包括可操作的4月下旬的下午，因为花园的灯泡从冬季的下面推开，凉爽的春风从房间吹来。重新连接到外面，我的猫爬进开出的窗户，几乎无法忍受自己新发现的世界的刺激。我把房子开到春天开放，因为我知道这些美丽的日子在明尼苏达州非常宝贵，很少。在整个城市中，我们正在庆祝和品尝阳光的回馈和夏日的来临。在这样的一天。我想知道在明尼苏达州的商业和机构建筑中，可操作窗户是例外，而不是规范。

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