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Lunar laser ranging using avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays

机译:使用雪崩光电二极管(APD)阵列进行月球激光测距

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The Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation (APOLLO) will improve range measurements to the moon by at least an order-of-magnitude, with the goal of achieving millimeter precision. Lunar ranging provides the most stringent tests of Einstein's strong equivalence principle, as well as placing the tightest constraints on the time evolution of Newton's gravitational constant. At the heart of APOLLO is an integrated array of avalanche photodiodes (APDs) developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratories. These devices are capable of detecting the arrival of a single photon with high temporal precision (< 100 ps), with detection efficiencies as high as 50%. The thin APD arrays have breakdown voltages in the neighborhood of 25 volts, active areas 20, 30, or 40 microns in diameter, placed on 100 micron centers in a square pattern. APOLLO will initially work with a 4 x 4 array, but may eventually upgrade to a larger format. The potential use of APD array technology in other areas of astronomy is briefly discussed.
机译:阿帕奇点天文台月球激光测距操作(APOLLO)将把对月球的距离测量至少提高一个数量级,以达到毫米精度。月球测距提供了对爱因斯坦强等价原理的最严格检验,并且对牛顿引力常数的时间演化设置了最严格的约束。麻省理工学院林肯实验室开发的雪崩光电二极管(APD)集成阵列是APOLLO的核心。这些设备能够以高的时间精度(<100 ps)检测单个光子的到达,检测效率高达50%。薄的APD阵列的击穿电压约为25伏,有效区域的直径为20、30或40微米,以正方形图案放置在100微米的中心。 APOLLO最初将使用4 x 4阵列,但最终可能会升级为更大的格式。简要讨论了APD阵列技术在天文学其他领域的潜在用途。

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