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Creep Crack Growth Under Complex Loading

机译：复杂载荷下蠕变裂纹的扩展

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Fitness-for-service assessments of components operating at high temperature often require estimates of creep crack growth in service. Although methods for calculating creep crack growth are given in R5 and other codes, these methods are limited in terms of their range of application and can be over-conservative. This paper extends the current methods in a number of areas. First, a general expression is derived for relaxation of a reference stress for combined primary and secondary loading and significant in-service crack growth. Second, the reference stress history is used to develop an estimate of the transient creep crack tip parameter, C(t), for elastic-plastic-creep material behaviour for combined loading. This both extends current methods to more complex loading and reduces some known conservatism in these current methods. The general expression for C(t) then enables creep crack growth in service to be estimated using data collected from standard tests under mechanical loading. Finally, the paper presents some finite element calculations for defects in cylinders with welding residual stresses as validation for the new approaches.
机译：对在高温下运行的组件进行的适用性评估通常需要评估使用中蠕变裂纹的增长。尽管R5和其他代码中给出了计算蠕变裂纹扩展的方法，但是这些方法的应用范围受到限制，并且可能过于保守。本文将当前的方法扩展到许多领域。首先，导出了用于缓解主应力和副载荷以及显着的在役裂纹扩展的参考应力的一般表达式。其次，参考应力历程用于为组合载荷下的弹塑性蠕变材料行为建立瞬态蠕变裂纹尖端参数C（t）的估计。这既将当前方法扩展到更复杂的负载，又减少了这些当前方法中的某些已知保守性。然后，C（t）的通用表达式使得可以使用在机械载荷下从标准测试中收集的数据来估算服务中的蠕变裂纹扩展。最后，本文提出了一些具有焊接残余应力的气缸缺陷有限元计算方法，作为对新方法的验证。

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