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ANTIFOULING THROUGH THE AGES

机译：千古难忘

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This paper briefly reviews the history of marine antifoulings, the various binders and toxins employed and their toxin release mechanisms. The author then discusses the forthcoming ban by IMO on the use of organo tin in antifouling, and the factors that led to this ban. It appears, from expert surveys of shellfish and TBT concentrations in shellfish around the world, that the environment is recovering even before the ban is fully implemented. Why might this be? The properties and efficacy of the first generation of 'Tin-Free' antifoulings, and their toxin release mechanisms have not proved to be totally satisfactory in service. This has caused some ship owners and navies to resort to underwater cleaning, which removes spent antifouling layers and (on many occasions) non-native fouling organisms and scatters them into the environment. Is this the reason that certain harbours are now heavily polluted with copper, and that there is now a developing movement to ban the use of copper? The second generation of 'Tin-Free' antifoulings shows genuine self polishing properties. However, most depend on copper plus other biocides. Would they be affected by any ban on copper? If they are, what are the alternatives? Two types of non-toxic 'Low Surface Energy' fouling release coatings are assessed. Is there a chance that one might have properties that would allow navies to achieve their desired 12 year docking interval for major warships without risk to the environment? The author is not a paint chemist, more an informed customer, and heads a consultancy whose chief client is the UK Ministry of Defence. It should be emphasised that the views expressed are his own, and do not necessarily reflect MOD policy.
机译：本文简要回顾了海洋防污剂的历史，所使用的各种粘合剂和毒素及其毒素释放机理。然后作者讨论了国际海事组织即将颁布的关于在防污剂中使用有机锡的禁令，以及导致该禁令的因素。根据世界各地贝类和TBT浓度的专家调查显示，即使在全面实施禁令之前，环境仍在恢复。为什么会这样呢？第一代“无锡”防污垢的性能和功效，以及它们的毒素释放机制在使用中还不能令人满意。这导致一些船东和海军不得不进行水下清洁，这会清除用过的防污层和（在许多情况下）非本地的污垢生物并将它们散布到环境中。这是为什么某些港口现在受到铜的严重污染，并且现在有正在发展的运动禁止使用铜的原因吗？第二代“无锡”防污漆具有真正的自抛光性能。但是，大多数依赖铜和其他杀菌剂。他们会受到任何铜禁令的影响吗？如果是的话，还有哪些选择？评估了两种类型的无毒“低表面能”结垢释放涂料。是否有可能拥有可以使海军在不影响环境的情况下使大型军舰达到其期望的12年对接间隔的属性？作者不是油漆化学家，更不是知情的客户，而是一家咨询公司的负责人，其主要客户是英国国防部。应该强调的是，所表达的观点是他自己的观点，不一定反映MOD的政策。

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