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首页> 外文会议>Dam safety 2004 >GOT RIPRAP? AN ALTERNATIVE TO CONSIDER IF YOU DON’T;ARMORING EMBANKMENT SLOPES WITH SOIL-CEMENT
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GOT RIPRAP? AN ALTERNATIVE TO CONSIDER IF YOU DON’T;ARMORING EMBANKMENT SLOPES WITH SOIL-CEMENT

机译：弄丢了？如果您不考虑的话；用水泥固结路堤边坡

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In many areas with flat topography such as the states of Florida, Louisiana, Texas,rnArizona and New Mexico, there has been significant recent development of new reservoirsrnfor water supply, irrigation, cooling water, and containment of waste products. Reservoirsrnin these states are often configured as relatively shallow impoundments with largernexpansive surface areas that are created by constructing rectangular or circumferentialrnembankments. The lengths of these embankments are normally measured in miles ratherrnthan feet. Because of the fetch distances associated with these types of reservoirs,rncounteracting wave erosion is a critical objective in the design of these facilities. In fact,rnone of the most costly design features is providing slope protection to prevent embankmentrnfailure from wave-induced erosion. Embankment armoring for wave protection can oftenrnexceed 50 percent of the total construction cost.rnIn Florida, high quality quarried rock riprap must be imported from outside the staternand is normally transported by rail from Georgia, Alabama, or is barged in from Mexico orrnNova Scotia, Canada. As a result, material costs often prohibit armoring extensivernembankment systems using riprap. Slope protection methods, including cabled concreternblocks, Fabriform and gabions, have therefore been developed and used to armor earthrnembankments. However, the most cost effective solution is to make maximum use ofrnonsite materials and armor the embankments with the application of soil-cement. Soilcementrnhas been used for armoring embankment slopes for over 40 years and has provenrnto be both durable and economical. Because the properties of available soil material canrnvary significantly from site to site, it is important to perform materials research and testingrnto assess the feasibility and determine mix design specifications for the soil-cement.rnThe purpose of this paper is to provide a brief comparison of available embankmentrnarmoring alternatives with emphasis on the application of soil-cement where other armoringrnsolutions are cost prohibitive. The 10.4-mile-long embankment armoring proposed for thernSt. Johns River Water Management District’s Fellsmere Water Management Area is usedrnas a case study to illustrate relative cost comparisons. Testing requirements for onsite andrnoffsite soil materials, and mix design objectives and requirements are discussed.rnConstruction methods for placing soil-cement such as plating versus stair-steppingrnhorizontal lifts and combinations of these techniques are also presented.
机译：在许多地势平坦的地区，例如佛罗里达州，路易斯安那州，德克萨斯州，亚利桑那州和新墨西哥州，最近出现了用于供水，灌溉，冷却水和废物处理的新型水库。在这些状态下，储层通常被配置为相对较浅的蓄水库，具有较大的膨胀表面积，这是通过构造矩形或周向堤坝而形成的。这些路堤的长度通常以英里而不是英尺为单位。由于与这些类型的储层相关的获取距离，抵消波浪侵蚀是这些设施设计中的关键目标。实际上，最昂贵的设计特征之一是提供坡度保护，以防止堤防破坏受到波浪引起的侵蚀。用于防波堤的堤防装甲通常可能超过总建设成本的50％。rn在佛罗里达州，必须从州外进口优质采石场岩石翻录，通常是通过铁路从阿拉巴马州佐治亚州运输，或者从墨西哥奥尔巴德州新斯科舍省装船。结果，材料成本通常禁止使用riprap装甲大型堤防系统。因此，已经开发了包括缆线混凝土砌块，Fabriform和石笼网在内的边坡防护方法，并将其用于装填土堤。但是，最经济有效的解决方案是最大程度地利用非场地材料，并通过应用土壤水泥来加固路堤。土壤水泥已经被用于装甲路堤斜坡超过40年，并且被证明既耐用又经济。由于可用土壤材料的特性在不同地点之间存在显着差异，因此进行材料研究和测试以评估土壤水泥的可行性和确定混合料设计规范非常重要。本文的目的是提供对可用水泥材料的简要比较。在其他装甲解决方案无法实现成本的情况下，路堤另辟with径，着重于土壤水泥的应用。拟议为the St. 10.4英里长的路堤装甲。约翰斯河水管理区的Fellsmere水管理区用于案例研究，以说明相对成本的比较。讨论了现场和非现场土壤材料的测试要求，以及混合料的设计目标和要求。rn还提出了用于放置土壤水泥的施工方法（例如，平板与阶梯式水平举升）以及这些技术的组合。

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