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Darwin and the Tree of Life

机译:达尔文与生命之树

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Charles Darwin is famous for having worked out the theory of evolution by natural selection,and many regard this as his main,or even sole,contribution in the ‘Origin of species',published in 1859.However,equally important was his realization that the evolution of life can be pictured as a great branching tree,later called a phylogeny by Haeckel,and his characterization of macroevolution as ‘descent with modification'.Tree thinking went hand in hand with,or even preceded,Darwin's full development of the theory of natural selection-his observations in South America convinced him of vertical relationships (through time) and his observations on the Galapagos and other islandsconvinced him of horizontal relationships (geographic variation).
机译:查尔斯·达尔文(Charles Darwin)以制定自然选择进化论而闻名,许多人将其视为他甚至于1859年出版的《物种起源》中的主要贡献,甚至是唯一的贡献。生命的进化可以被描绘成一棵伟大的分支树,后来被海克尔称为系统发育,他将宏观进化的特征描述为“有修饰的下降”。树的思维与达尔文理论的全面发展密切相关,甚至早于达尔文的发展。自然选择-他在南美的观察使他信服垂直关系(经过时间),而他在加拉帕戈斯群岛和其他岛屿上的观察则使他信服了水平关系(地理变异)。

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