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Natural optical design concepts for highly miniaturized camera systems

机译：高度小型化的相机系统的自然光学设计概念

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Abstract: Microcameras for computers, mobile phones, watches, security system and credit cards is a very promising future market. Semiconductor industry is now able to integrate light reception, signal amplification and processing in a low- power-consuming microchip of a few mm$+2$/ size. Active pixel sensors supply each pixel in an image sensor with an individually programmable functionality. Beside the electronic receptor chip, a highly miniaturized lens system is required. Compared to the progress in microelectronics, optics has not yet made a significant step. Today's microcamera lenses are usually a downscaled version of a classical lens system and rarely smaller than 3 mm $MUL 3 mm $MUL 3 mm. This lagging of optics is quite surprising. Biologists have systematically studied all types of natural eye sensors since the 18th Century. Mother Nature provides a variety of highly effective examples for miniaturized imaging system. Single-aperture systems are the appropriate solution if the size is a free design parameter. If the budget is tight and optics limited to size, nature prefers multiple-aperture systems, the so-called compound eyes. As compound eyes are limited in resolution and night view, a cluster of single-aperture eyes, as jumping spiders use, is probably a better solution. The recent development in micro- optics offers the chance to imitate such natural design concepts. We have investigated miniaturized imaging systems based on microlens array and natural optical design concepts. Practical limitations for system design, packaging and assembling are given. Examples for micro-optical components and imaging systems are presented. !32
机译：摘要：用于计算机，手机，手表，安全系统和信用卡的微型相机是一个非常有前途的未来市场。半导体行业现在能够将光接收，信号放大和处理集成到几毫米/ 2毫米/大小的低功耗微芯片中。有源像素传感器为图像传感器中的每个像素提供独立可编程的功能。除了电子接收器芯片，还需要高度小型化的镜头系统。与微电子学的进步相比，光学尚未迈出重要的一步。当今的微相机镜头通常是经典镜头系统的缩小版，并且很少小于3毫米$ MUL 3毫米$ MUL 3毫米。光学方面的这种滞后非常令人惊讶。自18世纪以来，生物学家已经系统地研究了所有类型的自然眼感应器。大自然母亲为微型成像系统提供了各种高效示例。如果尺寸是免费的设计参数，则单孔系统是合适的解决方案。如果预算紧张且光学器件受尺寸限制，那么自然会更喜欢多孔径系统，即所谓的复眼。由于复眼的分辨率和夜视能力受到限制，跳跃蜘蛛使用的单孔眼群集可能是更好的解决方案。微光学技术的最新发展提供了模仿此类自然设计概念的机会。我们已经研究了基于微透镜阵列和自然光学设计概念的小型化成像系统。给出了系统设计，包装和组装的实际限制。给出了微光学元件和成像系统的示例。 ！32

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