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Innervation of the cow's inner ear derived from micro-computed tomography

机译：微计算机断层扫描技术对牛内耳的神经支配

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The innervation of the inner ear has been thoroughly investigated in humans and in some animal models such as the guinea pig, the rabbit, the cat, the dog, the rat, the pig and some monkeys. Ruminant inner ears are still poorly known and their innervation was never investigated despite its potential interest in phylogenetic reconstructions. Following earlier works on the ontogeny of the cow's ear, we expand our understanding of this structure by reconstructing the fine innervation pattern of the inner ear of the cow in two ontogenetic stages, at 7 months gestation and at an adult age. Since we work on dry skeletal specimens, only the endocast of the innervation inside the petrosal bone was reconstructed up to the internal acoustic meatus. The paths of the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves could be reconstructed together with that of the spiral ganglion canal. The nerves have a very fibrous pattern. The bony cavities of the ampular and utricular branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve could also be reconstructed. Our observations confirm that not all bony structures are present in foetal stages since the branch of cranial nerve Ⅶ is not visible on the foetus but very broad on the adult stage. The fibrous pattern within the modiolus connecting the spiral canal to the cochlear nerve is also less dense than in the adult stage. The shape of the branch of cranial nerve Ⅶ is very broad in the cow ending in a large hiatus Fallopii; this, together with the above-mentioned particularities, could constitute relevant observations for phylogenetical purposes when more data will be made available.
机译：内耳的神经支配已经在人类和某些动物模型中进行了深入研究，例如豚鼠，兔子，猫，狗，大鼠，猪和一些猴子。反刍的内耳仍然知之甚少，尽管其神经发育可能对系统发育重建感兴趣，但从未对其进行研究。继早期关于牛耳的个体发育的工作之后，我们通过在妊娠的7个月和成年阶段的两个个体发育阶段重建牛内耳的精细神经支配模式，从而扩展了对这种结构的理解。由于我们研究的是干骨骼标本，因此仅重建了在椎骨内部的神经支配的内膜，直到内耳道。面神经和前庭神经的路径可以与螺旋神经节管一起重建。神经具有非常纤维的形态。前庭耳蜗神经的前，后支支的骨腔也可以重建。我们的观察结果证实，并非所有的骨骼结构都存在于胎儿期，因为颅神经Ⅶ的分支在胎儿上不可见，而在成年期很宽。与成年阶段相比，将螺旋管连接到耳蜗神经的扁桃体内部的纤维形态也不那么密集。牛的颅神经nerve的分支形状非常宽阔，以一个巨大的裂孔Fallopii结尾。当可以获得更多数据时，这与上述特殊性可能构成系统发育目的的相关观察。

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