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首页> 外文会议>International symposium on halogenated persistent organic pollutants >LONG-TERM MONITORING OF PCDD/PCDF – CONCEPTS AND CASE STUDIES FROM EUROPE
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LONG-TERM MONITORING OF PCDD/PCDF – CONCEPTS AND CASE STUDIES FROM EUROPE

机译：PCDD / PCDF的长期监控–欧洲的概念和案例研究

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During start-up and unstable combustion periods, even state-of-the-art incinerators can emit PCDD/F in stack gases at concentrations that are up to 1000 times higher than normal operation. Therefore.incinerators and other sources with variation of PCDD/F release to air cannot be reliably monitored by conventional short term sampling that covers only 0.1 to 0.2 % of the yearly operating time. A more comprehensive monitoring regime is required. This paper describes different applications of continuous PCDD/F sampling in some European countries. The cases demonstrate that flexible regimes for continuous sampling can be crafted and applied by governments or regional/local authorities. Such regimes range from a countrywide, continuous requirement for selected facility types (e.g., waste incinerators) to a facility-specific regime that applies, for example to new facilities for a defined time period until the facility has demonstrated continuous compliance with regulatory limits. We suggest as a practical approach, that countries implementing the Stockholm Convention should evaluate in their BAT/BEP activities the usefulness of long-term sampling by, for example, designating institutes related to the environmental ministry or regional authorities to supervise long-term sampling regimes at relevant facilities in their country/areas, beginning with priority sources (e.g. facilities used for PCB/POPs destruction or hazardous waste processing).
机译：在启动和不稳定的燃烧期间，即使是最先进的焚化炉也可以在烟道气中排放PCDD / F，其浓度最高可达正常运行的1000倍。因此，焚烧炉和其他来源的PCDD / F释放到空气中的方式有​​所变化，因此无法通过常规的短期采样可靠地进行监控，而传统的短期采样仅覆盖年度运行时间的0.1％至0.2％。需要更全面的监测制度。本文介绍了在一些欧洲国家中连续PCDD / F采样的不同应用。这些案例表明，政府或地区/地方当局可以制定和应用灵活的连续采样制度。此类制度的范围从在全国范围内对选定设施类型（例如废物焚化炉）的持续要求到适用于特定设施的制度，例如在规定的时间段内适用于新设施，直到该设施证明持续遵守法规限制为止。我们建议作为一种实践方法，执行《斯德哥尔摩公约》的国家应在其最佳可行技术/最佳环境实践活动中评估长期抽样的有效性，例如，指定与环境部有关的机构或区域当局来监督长期抽样制度在其国家/地区的相关设施中，从优先来源开始（例如，用于PCB / POP销毁或危险废物处理的设施）。

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