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首页> 外文会议>Earth amp; Space 2006: Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments >Macro- and Micro-scale Contaminant Removal and Resource Recovery from Urine via the Freeze Concentration Process
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Macro- and Micro-scale Contaminant Removal and Resource Recovery from Urine via the Freeze Concentration Process

机译：通过冷冻浓缩过程从尿液中去除宏观和微观污染物以及资源回收

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摘要

Resource recovery, including that of urine water extraction, is one of the most crucial aspects of long-term life support in interplanetary space travel. This effort consequently examined an innovative approach to processing raw, undiluted urine based on low-temperature freezing. A strategy uniquely different from NASA’s current emphasis on either ‘integrated’ (co-treatment of mixed urine, grey, and condensate waters) or ‘high-temperature’ distillation processing strategies, whereby this liquid freeze-thaw (LiFT) procedure avoids both chemical and microbial crosscontamination concerns while at the same time securing highly desirable reductions in likely energy requirement levels. In essence, this research effort investigated an innovative, first-generation eutectic freeze concentration strategy for extraction of potable water from urine. The existing project’s experimental unit, which couples the sequential steps normally associated with conventional eutectic freeze crystallization (e.g., seed crystal growth followed by ice ripening, concentration, washing, extraction, and final ice-water recovery), has proven capable of generating highquality product water, (i.e., greater than 99% reduction of contaminant concentrations; inorganics, organics, biological and antibiotics), along with a theoretical percent water recovery of 85-95%.
机译：资源回收，包括尿液提取，是行星际太空旅行中长期生命支持的最关键方面之一。因此，这项工作检验了一种基于低温冷冻处理未经处理的未稀释尿液的创新方法。该策略与NASA目前对“综合”（混合尿液，灰色水和冷凝水的共处理）或“高温”蒸馏处理策略的强调不同，该策略采用液体冻融（LiFT）程序避免了两种化学方法和微生物交叉污染的问题，同时确保非常理想的能源需求水平降低。本质上，这项研究工作研究了一种创新的第一代共晶冷冻浓缩策略，用于从尿液中提取饮用水。现有项目的实验单元结合了通常与常规共晶冷冻结晶相关的顺序步骤（例如，晶种生长，然后进行冰成熟，浓缩，洗涤，提取和最终冰水回收），已被证明能够产生高质量的产品水（即污染物浓度降低超过99％；无机物，有机物，生物和抗生素），以及理论水回收率达到85-95％。

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