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首页> 外文会议>Eighth International Conference on Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture 2003 null >The Old City of Ghadames: an epitome of desert environment engineering
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The Old City of Ghadames: an epitome of desert environment engineering

机译：Ghadames旧城：沙漠环境工程的缩影

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The Old City of Ghadames (OCG), one of Libya's major desert cities and a world heritage site, played an important role as a cultural and trade center between the Mediterranean and Africa for over 1400 years. This role was enforced largely by the city's sustainability that was the product of highly developed desert environment engineering practices. The objective of this paper is to analyze these practices and demonstrate their effectiveness in light of the present challenges to the city's sustainability. The city's urban planning, architecture and adobe construction were perfect adaptations to social needs, religious values, resource limitations, harsh environmental conditions and remote location. Planning was conducted on the levels of the oasis, the city, the neighborhood, the street and finally, the individual house. Each of the city's 7 neighborhoods had its own properly located and sized public places. The 4-storey house design was based on human scale and needs. Buildings were connected "wall-to-wall" for insulation and maximum space utilization making the neighborhood one large building. The streets were covered to provide protection from heat, cold, wind, dust and rain with openings for light and ventilation. Effective protection against the harsh environmental conditions was also achieved through site selection, compactness, use of highly insulating building materials and routine maintenance. Water ― a precious commodity in the desert ― played a major role in the city's sustainability providing building materials and food. This role was effected through well-developed water resources management practices. The OCG was, thus, an outstanding example of sound engineering practices providing comfort, functionality and cost-effectiveness in a uniquely "Ghadamsi" architectural style and traditional construction materials and techniques; hence the well-deserved historic name "Jewel of the Desert". However, environmentally-induced aging and the interruption of routine maintenance have caused serious damages to many of its buildings forming a real threat to its sustainability and spurring efforts to conserve it with tangible results despite the unconventional challenges associated with such operations.
机译：加达姆斯老城（OCG）是利比亚的主要沙漠城市之一，也是世界遗产，在1400多年来，作为地中海和非洲之间的文化和贸易中心，发挥了重要作用。这个角色很大程度上是由城市的可持续性来执行的，而可持续性是高度发达的沙漠环境工程实践的产物。本文的目的是分析这些做法，并根据当前对城市可持续发展的挑战来证明其有效性。该城市的城市规划，建筑和土坯建筑完美地适应了社会需求，宗教价值观，资源限制，恶劣的环境条件和偏远地区。在绿洲，城市，社区，街道以及最后一所房子的各个层面进行了规划。城市的7个街区中的每个街区都有自己的适当位置和大小的公共场所。四层楼的房屋设计基于人的规模和需求。建筑物以“墙到墙”的方式连接，以实现绝缘和最大程度地利用空间，使附近成为一栋大型建筑物。街道被覆盖以提供热，冷，风，灰尘和雨水的防护，并设有照明和通风孔。通过选址，紧凑，使用高度绝缘的建筑材料和进行日常维护，还可以有效地防止恶劣的环境条件。水是沙漠中的宝贵商品，在城市提供建筑材料和食品的可持续性中发挥了重要作用。这一作用是通过完善的水资源管理实践来实现的。因此，OCG是声音工程实践的杰出典范，以独特的“ Ghadamsi”建筑风格和传统建筑材料和技术提供了舒适性，功能性和成本效益。因此，当之无愧的历史名称是“沙漠之珠宝”。但是，环境导致的老化和例行维护的中断已严重损害了其许多建筑物，对建筑物的可持续性构成了真正的威胁，并且尽管采取了与之相关的非常规挑战，但仍在努力保护其以取得可观的结果。

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