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Nematic topological line defects as optical waveguides

机译：向列拓扑线缺陷作为光波导

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Liquid crystals are starting to attract attention for applications beyond the display technology. Their high birefringence, softness, and possibility to form complex topological defect structures allow for easy light manipulation in systems ranging from cholesteric lasers to droplet resonators and wave guides. Recent interest in light-induced topological defects and light propagation along the defects stimulated us to develop a customized version of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method for solving Maxwell's equations on a discrete time & space lattice. Here, we present an overview of our recent simulations, modeling the time-evolution of electromagnetic fields along birefringent structures in nematic liquid crystals, specifically light propagation along nematic defect lines. In the regime of high light intensity beams the modelling approach includes also a light induced modification of local nematic ordering obtained via a q-tensor free energy minimization procedure. We show how topological invariants of the nematic and polarization fields combine and also affect the beam intensity profile. Finally, off-axis propagation of beams with respect to the defect lines is considered.
机译：液晶开始引起人们对显示技术以外的应用的关注。它们的高双折射，柔软性以及形成复杂的拓扑缺陷结构的可能性，使得从胆甾型激光器到液滴谐振器和波导的系统中的光操作变得容易。对光引发的拓扑缺陷和沿缺陷的光传播的最新兴趣促使我们开发有限差分时域（FDTD）方法的定制版本，以求解离散时空格上的麦克斯韦方程组。在这里，我们概述了我们最近的模拟，它模拟了向列液晶中沿双折射结构的电磁场的时间演化，特别是沿向列缺陷线的光传播。在高光束强度的情况下，建模方法还包括通过q张量自由能最小化过程获得的局部向列有序的光诱导修饰。我们展示了向列场和极化场的拓扑不变量如何组合并还影响束强度分布。最后，考虑光束相对于缺陷线的离轴传播。

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