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Multiple-antenna microwave ablation: analysis of non-parallel antenna implants

机译：多天线微波消融：非平行天线植入物的分析

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摘要

Microwave ablation is a minimally invasive modality increasingly being used for thermal treatment of cancer in various organs. During ablation procedures, treatment planning is typically restricted to vendor specifications of expected ablation zone volumes based on experiments in unperfused ex vivo tissues, presuming parallel insertion of antennas. However, parallel antenna implants are not always clinically possible due to the restricted control of flexible antennas and presence of intervening organs. This paper aims to quantify the effect of non-parallel antenna implants on the ablation volume. 3D electromagnetic-bioheat transfer models were implemented to analyze ablation zone profiles created by dual antenna arrays. Parallel and non-parallel implants spaced 10-25 mm with antenna tips deviated to create converging or diverging configurations were analyzed. Volumetric Dice Similarity Coefficients (DSC) were calculated to compare ablation zone volumes for parallel and non-parallel configuration. Antenna tip displacements of 3 mm/antenna yielded an average DSC of 0.78. Tip displacements of 5 mm/antenna yielded a DSC of 0.78 and 0.64 for 15 mm and 20 mm antenna spacing, respectively. For ablation with dipole antennas as the frequency of operation decreases from 2.45 GHz to 915 MHz the similarity between the ablation zones for parallel and angled cases increased significantly. In conclusion, ablation volumes with non-parallel antenna implants may differ significantly from the parallel configuration. Patient-specific treatment planning tools may provide more accurate predictions of 3D-ablation volumes based on imaging data of actual implanted antenna configurations. Methods to compare ablation zone volumes incorporating uncertainty in antenna positions and experimental results to validate the numerical modelling are also presented.
机译：微波消融是一种微创方式，越来越多地用于各种器官的癌症热处理。在消融程序期间，通常基于未插入的离体组织中的实验（假定天线平行插入），将治疗计划通常限于预期消融区体积的供应商规格。然而，由于对柔性天线的限制控制和介入器官的存在，并行天线植入物在临床上并不总是可行的。本文旨在量化非平行天线植入物对消融体积的影响。实施了3D电磁-生物热传递模型来分析由双天线阵列创建的消融区轮廓。分析了间距为10-25 mm的平行和非平行植入物，其中天线尖端偏离以形成会聚或发散的配置。计算体积骰子相似系数（DSC），以比较平行和非平行配置的消融区体积。 3毫米/天线的天线尖端位移产生0.78的平均DSC。 5毫米/天线的尖端位移对于15毫米和20毫米天线间距分别产生0.78和0.64的DSC。对于随着操作频率从2.45 GHz降低到915 MHz而用偶极天线进行的消融，平行和成角度情况下的消融区域之间的相似性显着提高。总之，采用非平行天线植入物的消融体积可能与平行配置明显不同。特定于患者的治疗计划工具可基于实际植入天线配置的成像数据，提供3D消融量的更准确预测。还提出了比较在天线位置具有不确定性的消融区体积的方法和实验结果以验证数值模型。

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