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The role of regulation in the improvement of business environmental performance: a case study of US fossil fuel-fired electric utilities

机译：法规在改善商业环境绩效中的作用：以美国化石燃料为燃料的电力公司的案例研究

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In order to improve the public policy of environmental management, it is of prime importance to assess the influence that regulation can have on business environmental performance. In our research, performance is quantified through use of benchmarking indicators, that incorporate all relevant information on the environmental impacts of companies, as well as their use of inputs and production of outputs. The methodology is illustrated by the analysis of a small data set of 39 U.S. fossil fuel-fired electric utilities, for which data were available over three different years (1987, 1991. 1994). Whereas no significant changes occurred in environmental performance between 1987 and 1991, this is not the case between 1991 and 1994. The main factor that allows to explain the significant improvement observed is the change in regulation (i.e., Clean Air Act amendments). Additionally, while the utilities generally show a high level of efficiency in the use of fuels (mainly due to their cost), this is not (yet) the case as regards the polluting behaviour. The main explanatory factor might be the lack of internalisation of external costs, i.e.the lack of (regulatory) incentive to be efficient in environmental terms.
机译：为了改善环境管理的公共政策，评估法规对企业环境绩效的影响至关重要。在我们的研究中，绩效是通过使用基准指标进行量化的，该指标包含了有关公司对环境的影响以及其使用投入和产出的所有相关信息。通过对39个美国化石燃料发电厂的小数据集进行分析说明了该方法，该数据集可在3年中获得（1987、1991年和1994年）。尽管1987年至1991年之间的环境绩效没有发生显着变化，但1991年至1994年却不是这种情况。可以解释所观察到的显着改善的主要因素是法规的变化（即《清洁空气法》修正案）。另外，尽管公用事业通常在燃料的使用方面显示出高水平的效率（主要是由于其成本），但是关于污染行为（目前）还不是这种情况。主要的解释性因素可能是缺乏外部成本的内部化，即缺乏（监管）激励以提高环境效益。

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