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PROJECT EVALUATION

机译：项目评估

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As noted earlier, environmental infrastructure projects have some unique characteristics compared to other public and private sector projects. For one thing, these projects frequently involve, and are sometimes dominated by impacts that are not monetized and may not be monetizable. Project impacts are also complex and diverse, and may affect large numbers of people. Another characteristic is that environmental infrastructure projects are frequently long-lived. Many are expected to deliver services for 25, 50, or more years. In fact, structures and facilities constructed in the past are sometimes still in use after more than 100 years.rnFor these reasons, the evaluation of environmental infrastructure projects is neither straightforward nor easy. This is particularly true in developing and transition economies, where both data and analytical capabilities are in short supply. On the other hand, effective evaluation of these projects is uncommonly important. Because the projects deliver essential services and have long lives, the consequences of implementing ineffective, inferior, or excessively costly projects are serious and persistent. In the case of developing and transition economies, where capital is critically scarce and needs are great, thernimportance of effective evaluation is magnified still further.rnA wide range of economic and financial techniques of analysis are available for project evaluation. This paper has attempted to outline some of them, together with discussion of several of the related issues. It should be clear that project evaluation involves much more than conventional benefit cost analysis, and that analysts have considerable latitude for choosing methods that correspond to the circumstances of the evaluation. Where data or analytical effort are constrained, it is possible to select simpler methods, so long as the consequences of doing so are fully recognized. Evaluations may vary in scope and in quality, but all provide some information to decision makers that would not otherwise be available. The most serious mistake in project evaluation is to do no evaluation at all.
机译：如前所述，与其他公共和私营部门项目相比，环境基础设施项目具有一些独特的特征。一方面，这些项目经常涉及并且有时被无法货币化且可能无法货币化的影响所主导。项目影响也是复杂多样的，可能会影响大量的人。另一个特点是环境基础设施项目通常是长期存在的。预计许多公司将提供25、50或更多年的服务。实际上，过去建造的结构和设施有时会在使用100多年后仍在使用。出于这些原因，对环境基础设施项目的评估既不简单也不容易。在数据和分析能力都短缺的发展中经济体和转型经济体中，尤其如此。另一方面，对这些项目进行有效评估非常重要。因为这些项目提供了基本服务并且使用寿命长，所以实施无效，次等或成本过高的项目的后果是严重且持久的。在发展中经济体和转型经济体中，资本严重短缺且需求巨大，有效评估的重要性进一步扩大。rn广泛的经济和金融分析技术可用于项目评估。本文试图概述其中一些问题，并讨论其中一些相关问题。应该清楚的是，项目评估所涉及的不仅仅是常规的收益成本分析，而且分析人员在选择与评估环境相适应的方法方面具有很大的自由度。如果数据或分析工作受到限制，则可以选择更简单的方法，只要这样做的后果得到充分认可。评估的范围和质量可能有所不同，但是所有评估都为决策者提供了一些其他方式无法获得的信息。项目评估中最严重的错误是根本不进行评估。

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