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Health Effects Associated with Acute and Chronic Exposure to Pesticides

机译:急性和慢性接触农药对健康的影响

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All living organisms are dynamic systems, functioning as a result of interdependent (bio) chemical reactions that are permanently maintained in an equilibrium state. Human exposure over a period of time to a complex mixture of pollutants at low level and consumption of polluted water and/or foods, is likely to significantly contribute to the human health status. Considering the time of exposure to toxicants, we can distinguish two different types of toxicity: acute toxicity (observed soon after short-time exposure to the pollutant) and chronic toxicity (resulted after long-term and/ or repeated periods of exposure to lower doses of the chemical). Most of the acute effects are temporary, but may also cause coma and/or death. The chronic health effects have a latency period, which corresponds to the period of time between the first exposure and the development of the disorder. Most of the time, pesticide use involves their deliberate release into the environment for repelling, attracting, preventing, or killing any pests (target organisms) and may affect other organisms from the environment because they have relatively limited selectivity. Living organisms as well as humans are concurrently exposed to pesticides via the environment, which induces combined toxicological effects. The degree of health hazard depends on the quantity of pesticide and on the length of exposure (the dose of the pollutant). In this paper are presented general aspects on toxicology and clinical toxicology in view of the relationship exposure to pesticides - effects on human health.
机译:所有生物都是动态系统,它们是相互依赖的(生物)化学反应的结果,这些化学反应永久保持在平衡状态。人体在一段时间内暴露于低浓度的复杂污染物混合物以及食用受污染的水和/或食物很可能会极大地影响人类的健康状况。考虑到有毒物质的暴露时间,我们可以区分两种不同类型的毒性:急性毒性(短期接触污染物后不久观察到)和慢性毒性(长期和/或反复暴露于较低剂量下导致)化学药品)。大多数急性影响是暂时的,但也可能导致昏迷和/或死亡。慢性健康影响具有潜伏期,该潜伏期对应于第一次暴露与疾病发展之间的时间段。在大多数情况下,农药的使用涉及其故意释放到环境中以排斥,吸引,预防或杀死任何害虫(目标生物),并且由于其选择性相对有限,可能会影响环境中的其他生物。活生物体和人类同时通过环境暴露于农药,这会诱发综合的毒理学作用。健康危害的程度取决于农药的量和接触时间(污染物的剂量)。本文从农药暴露对人类健康的影响的角度介绍了毒理学和临床毒理学的一般方面。

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