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SKIN FRICTION MEASUREMENTS IN COMPLEX TURBULENT FLOWS USING DIRECT METHODS

机译:使用直接方法测量复杂湍流中的皮肤摩擦

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摘要

Skin friction (or wall shear) measurement is an important topic for both scientific and practical reasons, so there is a long history of work in the area. There are two broad classes of methods -indirect and direct measurements. The direct methods employ a movable element of the surface surrounded by a very small gap and connected to some type of flexure. One then measures the displacement of the movable element or the strain in the flexure to obtain the skin friction force acting on the movable element directly. This is the preferred approach for complex flow situations, and such devices are the subject of this paper. First, an overview of prior instruments is presented to provide some of the history and characteristics of these units. This is followed by separate sections considering: 1) sensitivity and range, 2) calibration, 3) time response, 4) mitigation of vibration effects, 5) interfering inputs, and 6) uncertainty. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of recent developments and directions for future research.
机译:出于科学和实践原因,皮肤摩擦(或墙面剪切力)测量都是重要的话题,因此该地区的工作历史悠久。有两大类方法-间接测量和直接测量。直接方法采用表面的可移动元件,该元件由很小的间隙围绕并连接到某种类型的挠曲件上。然后测量可移动元件的位移或挠曲中的应变,以获得直接作用在可移动元件上的皮肤摩擦力。对于复杂的流量情况,这是首选的方法,此类设备是本文的主题。首先,对现有仪器进行了概述,以提供这些仪器的一些历史和特征。接下来是考虑以下部分:1)灵敏度和范围,2)校准,3)时间响应,4)减轻振动影响,5)干扰输入,以及6)不确定性。本文最后简要讨论了最近的发展和未来研究的方向。

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