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The role of dams in the global sediment budget

机译：大坝在全球沉积物预算中的作用

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摘要

Dams and their associated reservoirs are a key element of water resource development in most areas of the world and dams have been constructed on many of the world's large rivers. The presence of dams causes sedimentation in the upstream reservoir and such sediment trapping can exert an important influence in reducing downstream sediment transport. Many of the world's rivers now provide evidence of declining sediment loads as a result of dam construction, and it is clear that dams currently exert an important influence on land-ocean sediment transfer and the global sediment budget. There is, however, currently considerable uncertainty regarding the precise impact of dams and reservoirs on the global sediment budget. Two different approaches can be used to quantify this impact. The first focuses on the reduction of the annual global land-ocean sediment flux and the second on quantifying the total amount of sediment being sequestered behind dams. Current estimates of the reduction in the annual land-ocean sediment flux range from 2 to 5 Gt year~(-1）. However, existing estimates of the total amount of sediment being sequestered behind the world's dams are about an order of magnitude greater and in the range 25 to 60 Gt year~(-1). The apparent discrepancy between the results provided by the two different approaches requires further investigation.
机译：在世界上大多数地区，水坝及其相关的水库是水资源开发的关键要素，并且在世界许多大河上都建有水坝。大坝的存在导致上游水库的沉积，而这种沉积物的捕集对减少下游沉积物的输送具有重要影响。现在，世界上许多河流都提供了由于修建大坝而导致的泥沙负荷下降的证据，很明显，大坝目前对陆上海洋泥沙的输送和全球泥沙预算具有重要影响。但是，目前关于大坝和水库对全球沉积物预算的确切影响存在相当大的不确定性。可以使用两种不同的方法来量化这种影响。第一个重点是减少全球每年陆地海洋沉积物通量，第二个重点是量化隔离在大坝后面的沉积物总量。目前对每年陆地海洋沉积物通量减少的估计范围为2至5 Gt年〜（-1），但是，现有对世界大坝后隔离的沉积物总量的估计大约要大一个数量级，并且在25至60 Gt年〜（-1）范围内，两种方法提供的结果之间明显的差异需要进一步研究。

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