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Delineation of China's reservoirs and lakes using remote sensing techniques

机译：利用遥感技术描绘中国的水库和湖泊

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We used remote sensing images to provide the first complete picture of the reservoirs and lakes located within China. We extracted 89 691 reservoirs, covering about 26 755 km~2 of the land surface. By applying an empirical formula relating reservoir storage capacity and surface area, we estimated the total storage capacity to be about 770 km~3. Also, we delineated more than 180 000 lakes and ponds, with a total surface area of about 79 767 km~2. These include 2721 lakes larger than 1 km2. Through comparison with previous studies, we found that dramatic changes have occurred over the past decades. Reservoir construction and water diversion have changed the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of water resources and have made the river systems fragmented. Additionally, this study found that more than 200 lakes of >1 km~2 on the Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau and the Eastern Plain have disappeared, but about 50 lakes >1 km~2 have appeared on the Tibetan Plateau. The disappearing lakes on the Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau and the newly appearing lakes on the Tibetan Plateau could be a result of climate change; whereas the disappearance of lakes on the Eastern Plain, especially in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze and Huaihe River basin, reflect the impact of human activities, such as land reclamation and urbanization. The database of delineated reservoirs will be employed to estimate the total amount of sediment trapped behind dams.
机译：我们使用遥感图像提供了中国境内水库和湖泊的第一张完整图片。提取水库89691个，水库面积约26755 km〜2。通过应用与储层储水量和表面积有关的经验公式，我们估计总储水量约为770 km〜3。此外，我们划定了18万多个湖泊和池塘，总表面积约为79 767 km〜2。其中包括2721个面积大于1平方公里的湖泊。通过与以前的研究进行比较，我们发现在过去的几十年中发生了巨大的变化。水库的建设和引水改变了水资源的空间分布和季节变化，并使河流系统支离破碎。此外，该研究还发现，蒙古-新疆高原和东部平原上的200多个> 1 km〜2的湖泊消失了，而青藏高原上却出现了50多个> 1 km〜2的湖泊。蒙古-新疆高原上消失的湖泊和青藏高原上新出现的湖泊可能是气候变化的结果；东部平原，特别是长江流域和淮河流域中下游的湖泊消失，反映了人类活动的影响，例如土地开垦和城市化。划定的水库数据库将被用来估算被困在大坝后面的沉积物总量。

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