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首页> 外文会议>Fire and Materials 2013 >SMOKE MOVEMENT IN A DOUBLE-DECKER COACH
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SMOKE MOVEMENT IN A DOUBLE-DECKER COACH

机译：双层教练的烟雾运动

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By conducting fire experiments in double-decker coaches it was observed that there was nornformation of a stable smoke layer in the upper compartment (level) if the location of origin is thernlower deck. The smoke rises over the stairs, cools down and as a result loses its buoyancy. When thernsmoke reaches the upper level it disperses over the whole height. Consequently, the passengers in thernupper level are exposed to toxic fire effluents directly after ignition in the lower level. Thisrnphenomenon was simulated by the computational fluid dynamic model FDS.rnBecause different concepts for the interior design of double-decker coaches exist, the possiblernpositions of glass partitions as barriers can vary. On the one hand the levels can be partitioned intornseveral cabins, e.g. one cabin for bicycles, one for first or one for economy class. On the other handrnthe levels can be divided by the staircases. Those different barriers have an essential influence on therndispersion behaviour of the smoke. By using FDS the effects of different design configurations on thernsmoke movement are examined. Furthermore, different ventilation scenarios when the train halts arernconsidered, e.g. the possibility that passengers destroy the windows in the upper level to enable anrninflow of fresh air. The influence of opened windows is included, as well as the use of natural heatrnand smoke vents. Therefore, advantages and disadvantages of different combinations of the vents andrninterior design configurations are discussed.
机译：通过在双层客车上进行火灾实验，可以观察到，如果发源位置在较低的甲板上，则在上部舱室（水平）中会形成稳定的烟雾层。烟雾从楼梯上升起，冷却下来，因此失去了浮力。当烟达到最高水平时，它会散布在整个高度上。因此，上层的乘客在下层点燃后直接暴露于有毒的火焰中。这种现象是通过计算流体动力学模型FDS进行模拟的。由于双层客车的内部设计存在不同的概念，玻璃隔板作为障碍物的位置可能会发生变化。一方面，这些楼层可以分为几个小木屋，例如一间是自行车房，一间是头等舱，一间是经济舱。另一方面，楼层可以按楼梯划分。这些不同的屏障对烟雾的扩散行为具有重要影响。通过使用FDS，可以检查不同设计配置对烟熏运动的影响。此外，考虑列车停顿时的不同通风情况，例如乘客可能会破坏高处的窗户以使新鲜空气流通。打开的窗户的影响包括在内，还包括自然采暖和排烟口的使用。因此，讨论了通风口和室内设计配置的不同组合的优缺点。

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