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Fluid-structure interactions of fast photomechanical liquid crystal elastomers driven by light

机译：光驱动的快速光机械液晶弹性体的流固相互作用

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A new class of photomechanical liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) has emerged, which generate large bending deformation and fast response times that scale with the resonance of the elastomer films. These films are classified as glassy elastomers (modulus ~lGPa) and are doped with photoresponsive azobenzene liquid crystals to provide novel light induced deformation. These materials are promising for developing propulsions systems for insect size aircraft and microfiuidic devices, for example. The photomechanical efficiency of these materials in a fluid medium is of high interest to understand the performance attributes of this class of smart materials. Here, a numerical study is presented that describes the photomechanical structural dynamic behaviour in a fluid medium. We simulate the oscillation of photomechanical cantilevers excited by light while simultaneously modeling the effect of the surrounding fluid at different ambient pressures. The photoelastomer structure is modeled as a thin plate and coupled with photomechanical constitutive relations to compute the transverse displacement. For the fluid, three dimensional unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using the arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) form are used to consider dynamic mesh movement on a local mesh and boundary conditions on the elastomer material interface. The fluid equations are discretized using a conventional finite volume method (FVM) on a structured curvilinear coordinate system. Numerical examples are given which provide new insight into photomechanical material efficiencies in a fluid medium as a function of ambient pressure.
机译：出现了一种新型的光机械液晶弹性体（LCE），它会产生较大的弯曲变形和快速的响应时间，并随弹性体膜的共振而变化。这些薄膜被归类为玻璃态弹性体（模量约为1GPa），并掺杂有光响应性偶氮苯液晶，以提供新型的光致变形。这些材料有望用于开发用于昆虫大小的飞机和微流体装置的推进系统。这些材料在流体介质中的光机械效率引起了人们的极大兴趣，以了解此类智能材料的性能属性。在这里，提出了一个数值研究，描述了在流体介质中的光机械结构动力学行为。我们模拟了光激发的光机械悬臂的振动，同时模拟了在不同环境压力下周围流体的影响。将光弹性体结构建模为薄板，并与光机械本构关系耦合以计算横向位移。对于流体，使用任意拉格朗日欧拉（ALE）形式的三维非稳态不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程用于考虑局部网格上的动态网格运动以及弹性体材料界面上的边界条件。使用常规的有限体积法（FVM）在结构化的曲线坐标系上离散流体方程。给出了数值示例，这些示例提供了对流体介质中光机械材料效率与环境压力的函数关系的新见解。

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