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首页> 外文会议>Forest fire research amp; wildland fire safety >Rethinking firefighting for the XXI century: A new firefightermodel, fires of design, and fire ecology
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Rethinking firefighting for the XXI century: A new firefightermodel, fires of design, and fire ecology

机译：重新思考二十一世纪的消防：新的消防员模型，设计之火和火灾生态

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Last century we saw the more efficient we were fighting fires, the larger and morernintense this fires became. The need of changing firefighting was obvious, and work had to berndone before, during and after the fire. The concept of the fire paradox is building up each yearrnand society and fire services are disoriented in that aspect. More resources are needed for biggerrnand intense wildfires, but also fires are needed for the safety and ecology of our forest. Firernecology is in the middle of the fire paradox, fire intensity is the tool we can learn how to managernand understanding it can be the beginning of a new way (Agee, 1993). Our fire tactics arernchanging in order to take advance to the fire spread and simulators are already on the fieldrnhelping our operations in that purpose. Also logical analysis is doing its job. But fighting firesrnwhen they have an speed or an intensity higher that the one available by the fire-fighters (rate ofrnspread>5km/h and flame length> 4 m) needs anticipation. Pre-extinction is a concept growingrnup. In fact the new way can be a change from firefighting to fire management. During thernwildfire the main new concept will be time to observe the wildfire. In the line of fire the abilityrnof analyzing wildfire behavior will be the main tool that allows safety and efficiency. Maybe,rnone of the most significant changes of fire for the next century is that wildfire will never be againrnonly an ecological problem, but also a social and cultural one, it’s a global emergency that thatrnneed globally prepared firefighters. The social aspect is a new issue in that particular world. Torntrain our society to understand what fire is, how forest and fire interact and how we can destroy itrnor help it is a big but needed goal. All this considerations, changes and applications are actuallyrndone over different kinds of fire service, mainly seasonals. We have to think different, think inrnfire management as a complete action and not separate any more prevention from fighting,rnwinter from summer and of course, forest fuels from urban fuels. Fire regime is working andrnbuilding new fires all year around, we have to be there also all year around. A global service isrnthe last issue. We all spend a big amount of in the firefighting budget. We have all the firernregime knowledge and know now that each are burn under certain conditions. Usually whenrnwestern Spain is on fire in Eastern Spain people is at base. The same with France, Greece orrnItaly. A more fire event budget planning will give us more efficiency and save money to improvernmaterials and prevention operations. Should we go to a global fire service?. The answer is yes, isrnwe look the fires as a mesoescale event and not as a our own country problem.
机译：上个世纪，我们看到了灭火的效率越高，这场火灾变得越大越强烈。改变消防的需求是显而易见的，在火灾发生之前，之中和之后，都必须停止工作。消防悖论的概念每年都在建立，社会和消防服务在这方面迷失了方向。更大，更猛烈的野火需要更多的资源，森林的安全和生态也需要火。火灾生态学处于火灾悖论的中间，火灾强度是我们可以学习如何管理和了解它的工具，这可以成为一种新方法的开始（Agee，1993）。为了提前进行火势蔓延，我们的消防战术正在改变，并且已经有模拟机在现场，以帮助我们实现这一目标。逻辑分析也在起作用。但是，当火灾的速度或强度高于消防员可用的速度（蔓延速率> 5km / h，火焰长度> 4m）时，扑救火灾是需要预料的。灭绝是一个不断增长的概念。实际上，新方法可以是从消防向消防管理的转变。在野火期间，主要的新概念是观察野火的时间。在消防方面，分析野火行为的能力将是确保安全性和效率的主要工具。也许，下个世纪大火的最重大改变是野火将永远不再只是一个生态问题，而是一个社会和文化问题，这是全球紧急情况，需要全球准备的消防员。社会方面是那个特定世界中的新问题。训练我们的社会以了解火是什么，森林与火如何相互作用以及我们如何销毁火或帮助火，这是一个重要的目标。实际上，所有这些考虑，更改和应用都是针对不同类型的消防服务，主要是季节性的。我们必须以不同的方式思考，将失火管理视为一项完整的行动，不要再将任何预防与战斗，夏季的冬季以及城市燃料与森林燃料分开。消防制度一年四季都在起作用，正在制造新的火灾，我们也必须一年四季都在那里。全球服务是最后一个问题。我们大家都在消防预算上花费了很多。我们拥有所有关于fireregime的知识，并且现在知道每种方法都在特定条件下燃烧。通常在西班牙西部着火时，在西班牙东部则处于基地。法国，希腊或意大利也是如此。更大的火灾事件预算计划将为我们带来更高的效率，并节省资金来改善材料和预防操作。我们应该去全球消防部门吗？答案是肯定的，isrnwe将火灾视为中尺度事件，而不是我们自己国家的问题。

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