Studying human behavior from infancy: On the acquisition of infant postural data

机译：从婴儿期研究人类行为：关于婴儿姿势数据的获取

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The study of human behavior using infants as target subjects is very attractive since these individuals are minimally affected by cultural background and display the fastest rates of evolving cognition and physique, opening possibilities to longitudinal but relatively short-term research. Naturally, important customers of infant movement data are healthcare practitioners and scientists at the cutting edge of the understanding of human development and related disorders, in particular Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Here we provide evidence that, as opposed to the current practice, these studies demand non-invasive instrumentation to measure movement, so the right paradigm to obtain the data will most likely depend on computer vision based pose estimation. By surveying the interdisciplinary literature on infant motion capture, we show that, up to now, very little has been done to consider infant data in vision, and no method has treated the problem of measuring infant movement as special problem of its own, but rather a special case of the general human movement capture problem. We oppose this position and propose the use of canonical postures as an implementation of the principle of stability noted by developmental psychologists, and exemplify how these postures and age-related data could be used to potentially improve existing pose estimation systems. We also show preliminary results suggesting that canonical postures may be recognized using global, low-level contour features augmented by mid-level features like elongatedeness; these results are consistent with previous work in infant pose estimation using pressure-based sensors.

机译：使用婴儿作为目标对象的人类行为研究非常有吸引力，因为这些人受文化背景的影响最小，并且显示出最快的认知和体质发展速度，为纵向但相对短期的研究提供了可能性。自然，婴儿运动数据的重要客户是医疗保健从业人员和科学家，他们是了解人类发展和相关疾病（尤其是自闭症谱系障碍（ASD））的前沿。在这里，我们提供的证据表明，与当前的实践相反，这些研究需要使用非侵入性仪器来测量运动，因此获取数据的正确范例极有可能取决于基于计算机视觉的姿势估计。通过调查有关婴儿运动捕获的跨学科文献，我们表明，到目前为止，在视觉方面考虑婴儿数据的工作还很少，并且没有任何方法将测量婴儿运动的问题视为其自身的特殊问题。一般人类运动捕捉问题的特例。我们反对这一立场，并建议使用规范姿势作为发展心理学家指出的稳定原理的实现，并举例说明如何使用这些姿势和与年龄相关的数据来潜在地改善现有的姿势估计系统。我们还显示了初步结果，表明可以使用整体的低级轮廓特征（由中度特征（如拉长度）增强）来识别规范姿势；这些结果与以前使用基于压力的传感器进行婴儿姿势估计的工作一致。

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《The Fourth joint IEEE international conferences on development and learning and epigenetic robotics》|2014年|256-261|共6页
会议地点 Genoa(IT)
作者
Claudino Leonardo; Aloimonos Yiannis;
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作者单位

Computer Vision Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland at College Park, USA;

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会议组织
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类
关键词
Autism; Computer vision; Estimation; Pediatrics; Tracking; Variable speed drives;

机译：自闭症;计算机视觉;估计;儿科;跟踪;变速驱动器;;

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1. Effect of mother's weight on infant's microbiota acquisition, composition, and activity during early infancy: a prospective follow-up study initiated in early pregnancy. [J] . Collado MC, Isolauri E, Laitinen K, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition: Official Journal of the American Society for Clinical Nutrition . 2010,第5期

机译：母亲体重对婴儿早期婴儿微生物群获取，组成和活动的影响：一项在妊娠早期开始的前瞻性随访研究。
2. Effect of mother's weight on infant's microbiota acquisition, composition, and activity during early infancy: a prospective follow-up study initiated in early pregnancy. [J] . Collado MC, Isolauri E, Laitinen K, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition: Official Journal of the American Society for Clinical Nutrition . 2010,第5期

机译：母亲对婴儿婴儿微生物群孵化，组成和活性的影响：早孕发起的前瞻性后续研究。
3. Effect of mother's weight on infant's microbiota acquisition, composition, and activity during early infancy: a prospective follow-up study initiated in early pregnancy. [J] . Collado MC, Isolauri E, Laitinen K, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition: Official Journal of the American Society for Clinical Nutrition . 2010,第5期

机译：母亲对婴儿婴儿微生物群孵化，组成和活性的影响：早孕发起的前瞻性后续研究。
4. Studying human behavior from infancy: On the acquisition of infant postural data [C] . Claudino Leonardo, Aloimonos Yiannis IEEE International conferences on development and learning and epigenetic robotics . 2014

机译：从婴儿期学习人类行为：论婴儿姿势数据的收购
5. Examination of 12-month-old infant coping behavior: A longitudinal study of relations among parenting behavior, infant coping behavior, and infant problem behavior. [D] . Lee, Helen Yoonjung. 2010

机译：检验12个月大的婴儿应对行为：纵向研究育儿行为，婴儿应对行为和婴儿问题行为之间的关系。
6. Perceptual narrowing towards adult faces is a cross‐cultural phenomenon in infancy: a behavioral and near‐infrared spectroscopy study with Japanese infants [O] . Megumi Kobayashi, Viola Macchi Cassia, So Kanazawa, -1

机译：朝成年面孔的知觉范围缩小是婴儿期的跨文化现象：一项针对日本婴儿的行为和近红外光谱研究
7. Decision-making is the process of analyzing information about a problem situation and comparing it to a specific conclusion in order to solve a specific problematic (Yıkılmaz, 2001; Miller and Byrnes, 2001). Decision-making styles are a mechanism that is influenced by the internal and external conditions that determine the direction of the decisions of the individual, the content of the decision-making process, and the outcome of the decision-making process (Payne, Bettman and Johson, 1993; Bavol’ár and Orosová, 2015). ACT is a contemporary member of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy family. ACT (Acceptance and commitment therapy) has both similar and different directions with Behavioral Therapies and Cognitive Therapies (Herbet and Forman, 2011; Hayes, 2004). KKT responds to classical behavioral treatments using both existential and cognitive approaches in the analysis of behavior. KKT is a science wing that tries to solve human problems with a wider perspective aimed at solving problematic human behaviors (Plumb, Stewart, Dahl and Lundgren, 2009). It is seen that there is very little research about the new approach of ACT approach when the aiming country of our country is screened and it is thought that our country will contribute to the field of psychological counseling with the work done. In the scope of the research, experimental and control groups and preliminary test, post-test and follow-up measurements of 2x3 experimental design were used. The study's study group consists of a total of 24 (12 experimental and 12 control groups) university students studying in different departments and levels, continuing their education in the academic year of 2015-2016 in Ağrı province and İbrahim Chechen University in 2015-2016 academic year. The average age of participants in the experiment and control group is 20. There were 12 participants in the experimental group, 7 female and 5 male, and 12 participants, 7 female and 5 male in the control group. Personal Information Form and Decision Making Style Scale prepared by the researcher were used in the research. In order to decide on the tests to be used in the course of analyzing the data, the scores of the participant's Decision Styles Scale pre-test, which are placed primarily in the experimental and control groups, it was analyzed whether the basic expectations of parametric tests were answered. As a result of the analysis made, the scores, skewness and kurtosis coefficients obtained from the Decision Making Styles Scale were given to the experimental and control groups. It was determined that the distribution was normal in the result of Shapiro-Wilk test, in which the skewness and kurtosis coefficients of each sub-scale were ranked between -1 and +1. Participants in the experimental and control groups; homogeneity test results for decision-style pre-test measurements indicate that the data are homogeneous. According to the results of the Mauchly Globalness Test, it has been determined that working supports the hypothesis. It was determined that there was no significant difference between the pre-test scores obtained from dependent decision-making style of experiment and control groups, but the test group showed lower mean scores at the significant level within the scores of post-test and follow-up tests. Therefore, it can be said that the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group reduces the dependent decision-making style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions and the psychoeducation program has a lasting effect. It was determined that there was no significant difference between pre-test, post-test and follow-up scores obtained from the Spontaneous-Instant Decision Style of experiment and control groups. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not cause a significant difference in the Spontaneous-Decision-Making Style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The ACT -oriented psychoeducation program had a decline in the intuitive decision-making styles of the individuals, but this decrease did not create significant differences. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not make a meaningful difference in the intuitive decision style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the KKT oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The pre-test scores obtained from the rational decision-making style of the experimental and control groups showed that there was a difference between the post-test and the follow-up scores, but this difference was not significant. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the test group had higher levels of rational decision style than the pre - test scores in the post test and follow - up scores, whereas the post test and follow - up test scores in the control group rational decision style showed a decrease compared to the pre - test scores. the pre - test scores. Decision-making Styles Scale Avoidant Decision Making As a result of the analysis of the mean scores of the subscale scores of pre-test, post-test and follow-up measures, the group effect was found to be insignificant. It was determined that the experimental and control groups differed significantly from the pre-test scores obtained from the avoidant decision-making style but did not show any significant change within the scores of the post-test and follow-up tests. [O] . mustafa ercengiz, ali haydar şar 2018

机译：决策是分析有关问题情况的信息并将其与特定结论进行比较的过程，以解决特定的问题（Yıkılmaz，2001; Miller和Byrnes，2001）。决策风格是一种机制，受到内部和外部条件的影响，确定个人决定的方向，决策过程的内容以及决策过程的结果（PAYNE，BETTMAN和BEDNE） Johson，1993;Bavol'ár和奥萨洛瓦，2015）。法案是认知行为治疗家庭的当代成员。行为（验收和承诺治疗）具有与行为疗法和认知疗法的类似和不同方向（Herbet和Forman，2011; Hayes，2004）。 KKT在分析行为中使用存在性和认知方法来响应古典行为治疗方法。 KKT是一个科学翼，试图解决人类问题，旨在解决有问题的人类行为（铅垂，斯图尔特，Dahl和Lundgren，2009）。有人认为，当我们国家的瞄准国家进行筛选时，有关行动方法的新方法几乎没有研究，并且认为我们的国家将为完成工作做出贡献的心理咨询领域。在研究的范围内，使用实验和对照组和初步测试，使用后测试和后续测量的2x3实验设计。该研究的研究小组包括共24名（12个实验和12个对照组）大学学生在不同的部门和水平上学习，在2015-2016学术上继续进行2015-2016的学术年度2015-2016学年年。实验和对照组参与者的平均年龄是20.实验组中有12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性，12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性。研究人员准备的个人信息表格和决策制定风格规模在研究中使用。为了决定在分析数据的过程中使用的测试，参与者的决策风格刻度预测的分数主要在实验和对照组中进行，分析了参数的基本期望吗？测试得到了回答。由于对实验和对照组给出了从决策曲调标度获得的分数，偏移和峰度分子系数。确定该分布是正常的在成熟的-WILK试验结果中，其中每亚级的偏差和刚度系数在-1到+1之间排名。实验和对照组的参与者;决策式预测测量的同质性测试结果表明数据是均匀的。根据毛毛环保试验的结果，已确定工作支持假设。据确定，从依赖决策风格的实验和对照组获得的预测分数之间没有显着差异，但测试组在测试后的分数内显示出较低的平均分数和后续的分数 - 测试。因此，可以说，应用于实验组的面向活动的心理教育程序减少了决策风格子维度的依赖决策风格分数，并且心理教育程序具有持久的效果。据确定，从实验和对照组自发决策风格获得的预测试，测试后和后续评分之间没有显着差异。因此，可以说这种情况不会导致从应用于实验组的活动导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数的自发决策风格分数显着差异。行为的心理教育计划在个人直观的决策风格下降，但这种减少并没有产生显着的差异。因此，可以说，这种情况不会在从应用于实验组的KKT导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数中产生有意义的决策风格分数。从实验和对照组的理性决策风格获得的预测分数显示后检验后和随访评分之间存在差异，但这种差异并不重要。由于分析，确定测试组的理性决策风格较高，而不是后测试和后续分数的预测分数，而对照组合理决策风格的后测试和后续测试分数显示出与预测试分数相比的减少。预测分数。决策款式扩展避免决策由于分析了预测试，测试后和后续措施的班次评分的平均分数，发现群体效应是微不足道的。确定实验和对照组从避免决策风格获得的预测评分中显着不同，但在测试后和后续测试的分数内没有显示出任何重大变化。

Studying human behavior from infancy: On the acquisition of infant postural data

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