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首页> 外文会议>Gamma Field Symposia no.41; Symposium on Overseas Trends in Crop Science and Mutation Breeding; 20020717-18; Ohmiya-machi, Naka-gun(JP) >SIGNIFICANCE OF NUTRIENTS UPTAKE MECHANISMS IN CROPPING SYSTEMS
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SIGNIFICANCE OF NUTRIENTS UPTAKE MECHANISMS IN CROPPING SYSTEMS

机译：养分吸收机制在作物系统中的意义

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Sustainable crop production will obviously require enhanced flows of nutrients to crops, which in turn comprises higher amounts of nutrient reserves in soils and higher nutrient uptake and utilization by crops. Productivity of current cropping systems and protection of environmental quality cannot be sustained for long if practices such as excessive or under application of nutrients and inefficient utilization of crop residues and wastes are continued. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to quantify measurable sustainability indicators such as: levels of available nutrients, organic compounds (carbon, N, and P etc.), soil microflora and fauna, nutrients lost through runoff and leaching, and the rates of change in those variables as affected by specific nutrient management practices in cropping systems. It is not difficult to obtain those indicators with present technology. However, it is difficult to correctly evaluate the contributions of those indicators to the productivities of crops. Crops plants have recently revealed to acquire plant nutrients with different mechanisms. Soils high in Fe-P may be suitable for pigeonpea with special mechanism to utilize Fe-P. However, for crops without such a mechanism like sorghum and maize, soils high in Fe-P is undesirable. Likewise, AM population density in soil has significant meaning for mycorrhizal corps, but is meaningless for non-mycorrhizal crops. Such ndicators and their responses are likely to vary with each cropping system due to a multitude of interactions among soils and crops in diverse climates. Design and development of comprehensive nutrient management plans for various cropping systems will also require not only knowledge on plant nutrition mechanisms, but also require an integrated knowledge to understand processes occurring in various cropping systems. Research initiatives for sustainable nutrient management at the level of the cropping system must be conceived, therefore, on the basis of a holistic understanding of interactions among production, environmental, and biological components.
机译：作物的可持续生产显然需要增加作物的养分流向，而这又包括土壤中养分储备的增加和作物对养分的吸收和利用的增加。如果继续采取诸如过多或不充分使用养分以及对农作物残渣和废物的低效利用之类的做法，则目前的种植系统的生产力和对环境质量的保护将无法长期维持。为了实现这一目标，有必要对可衡量的可持续性指标进行量化，例如：可用养分，有机化合物（碳，氮和磷等）的水平，土壤微生物区系和动物区系，径流和淋溶损失的养分以及养分的比率。受作物系统中特定养分管理实践影响的那些变量的变化。用现有技术获得这些指标并不困难。但是，很难正确地评估这些指标对农作物生产力的贡献。作物植物最近发现以不同的机制获取植物养分。 Fe-P高的土壤可能具有特殊的利用Fe-P机制的木豆。但是，对于没有这种机制的农作物如高粱和玉米，Fe-P高的土壤是不希望的。同样，土壤中的AM种群密度对菌根具有重要意义，而对非菌根作物则无意义。由于各种气候条件下土壤和农作物之间的相互作用众多，因此每种农作物系统的指标及其反应可能会有所不同。为各种种植系统设计和制定全面的营养管理计划，不仅需要植物营养机制的知识，还需要综合知识来理解各种种植系统中发生的过程。因此，必须在对生产，环境和生物成分之间相互作用的整体理解的基础上，构想在作物系统一级进行可持续养分管理的研究计划。

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