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首页> 外文会议>Global Symposium on Recycling, Waste Treatment and Clean Technology; 20040926-29; Madrid(ES) >IMPORTANCE OF MEMBRANE PROCESSES IN CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES
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IMPORTANCE OF MEMBRANE PROCESSES IN CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES

机译：膜工艺在清洁技术中的重要性

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The higher requirements of environmental protection standards stimulate searching for the new effective separation techniques. The membrane processes were widely introduced to new technologies and very quickly developed from the laboratories to industry in last decades. Some of the membrane processes are matured enough to be commercialized immediately such as reverse, osmosis, nano-, ultra- and microfiltration. The pervaporation is extremely selective process which was implemented in industrial scale in last decade. Membrane distillation is able to recover the energy from low-temperature media (waste heat) for water purification or concentration of solutions. The liquid and supported membranes enable the trace components to be recovered from the multicomponent solutions. The membrane processes are used for separation of homogenous and heterogeneous systems. This enables the raw materials and by-products to be recovered from industrial wastewaters, which enhance process economics and environmental protection. The subsequent step of development the process engineering in this area is the implementing the integrated or hybrid system which are actually the most efficient way of separation the selected components from multicomponent mixtures. The high selectivity, low consumption of energy and chemical agents, enables the clean technologies to be reality. The paper presents examples of effective implementation of membrane processes and membrane based integrated systems in Clean Technologies. The majority of examples concern the chemical industry, food and beverages, diary, leather, textile and pharmaceutical industry. In chemical industry membranes are used for fractionation concentration and purification of chemical products. In textile, paper and leather industry the membrane separation enabled to recover various components, such as surfactants, dyes, apertures and other chemical agents to be recovered from wastewaters and subsequently reused in technology or directly on the market. The selective separation of desired and undesired components from food enhances its quality and enables the new sources of food to be exploited effectively. Some examples of membrane processes exhibit a huge potential of energy savings to be attained especially during drying of milk, juices, eggs and tea and coffee instant. In metal industry the wastewaters containing the metal ions, acids or bases may be purified simultaneously with recovery of precious components. Application of membrane processes in energy production concerns the water recovery but also the new sources of energy such as biofuels, fuel cells and hydrogen. Another function of membranes.
机译：环保标准的更高要求促使人们寻求新的有效分离技术。膜工艺已广泛引入新技术，并在过去几十年中从实验室迅速发展为工业。一些膜工艺已经成熟到可以立即商业化，例如反向，渗透，纳滤，超滤和微滤。渗透蒸发是非常选择性的过程，在过去的十年中已在工业规模上实施。膜蒸馏能够从低温介质（废热）中回收能量，用于水净化或溶液浓缩。液体和支撑膜使痕量组分能够从多组分溶液中回收。膜工艺用于分离均相和异相系统。这样可以从工业废水中回收原材料和副产品，从而提高了工艺的经济性和环境保护。开发该领域中的过程工程的后续步骤是实施集成或混合系统，这实际上是从多组分混合物中分离所选组分的最有效方法。高选择性，低能耗和化学试剂消耗，使清洁技术成为现实。本文介绍了在Clean Technologies中有效实施膜工艺和基于膜的集成系统的示例。大多数例子涉及化学工业，食品和饮料，日记，皮革，纺织和制药工业。在化学工业中，膜用于化学产品的分馏浓缩和纯化。在纺织，造纸和皮革工业中，膜分离能够回收各种组分，例如表面活性剂，染料，小孔和其他化学试剂，这些组分将从废水中回收，然后再用于技术或直接在市场上再利用。从食物中选择性分离所需和不想要的成分可以提高其质量，并可以有效地利用新的食物来源。膜工艺的一些示例展示出巨大的节能潜力，尤其是在干燥牛奶，果汁，鸡蛋以及速溶茶和咖啡的过程中。在金属工业中，含有金属离子，酸或碱的废水可以在回收珍贵成分的同时进行净化。膜工艺在能源生产中的应用不仅涉及水的回收，而且还涉及新的能源，例如生物燃料，燃料电池和氢。膜的另一功能。

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