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Theory and simulation of granular materials with hard spheres

机译：硬球粒状材料的理论与模拟

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Granular Materials consist of particles that interact during contact, dissipate energy, and possibly rotate due to friction. Such discrete systems are examined with numerical simulations and, sometimes, can also be nicely described by theories like the kinetic theory or hy-drodynamic continuum models. These days, great effort is invested to predict experimental observations quantitatively with simulations and theories. One challenge in computational physics is thus to bridge the gap between the microscopic, "atomistic" simulations, and the macroscopic length scale of continuum models and experimental observation. First, an efficient algorithm for hard sphere molecular dynamics is presented, allowing for many-particle simulations of, e.g., granular systems. In the next step, a "micro-macro" transition is introduced which enables continuum quantities like the stress tensor to be accessed. The approach is used for dilute and dense dissi-pative granular gases, either freely cooling or heated with respect to the translational or rotational degrees of freedom.
机译：颗粒材料由在接触过程中相互作用，耗散能量并可能由于摩擦而旋转的颗粒组成。这种离散系统通过数值模拟进行检查，有时也可以通过动力学理论或水动力连续模型等理论很好地描述。如今，人们投入了大量精力来通过模拟和理论定量地预测实验观察结果。因此，计算物理学中的一个挑战是弥合微观，“原子”模拟与连续模型和实验观察的宏观尺度之间的差距。首先，提出了一种用于硬球分子动力学的有效算法，该算法允许对例如颗粒系统进行多颗粒模拟。在下一步中，将引入“微宏”过渡，使诸如应力张量的连续量能够被访问。该方法用于相对于平移或旋转自由度自由冷却或加热的稀疏和致密耗散颗粒气体。

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