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Performance Evaluation of Showerheads for Hong Kong Residents

机译：香港居民花洒的性能评估

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摘要

Increasing water and energy efficiency of shower bathing has been proposed as a measure addressing carbon reduction.A voluntary water efficiency labelling scheme (WELS) on shower heads was proposed by the Hong Kong Government in 2009.This paper examined the occupant acceptance of a sample WELS showerhead and compared with non-WELS showerheads installed in 10 Hong Kong residential apartments.The shower use characteristics are determined, water and energy implications associated with shower heads are discussed.The results showed that replacing household existing showerheads with the WELS sample showerhead could reduce water consumption per shower from 48.7L (sd=24L) to 44.3L (sd=1 7.4L).Correspondingly, the energy consumption would reduce from 2.29MJ (sd=1MJ) to 2.14MJ (sd=0.8MJ)per each hot water shower bathing.Outdoor temperature has no significant influence on the occupant required hot water temperature (p＞0.2, paired t-test) and no significant difference of showering time was reported between the WELS showerhead and household exiting ones (p=0.95, paired t-test).The occupant acceptance to the WELS showerhead would be correlated to its supply flow rate and pressure (p≤0.05, Chisquare test).
机译：为了减少碳排放，已提出提高淋浴的水和能源效率的措施.2009年，香港政​​府提出了一项自愿性的淋浴头水效率标签计划（WELS），本文研究了居民对WELS样本的接受程度喷头，并与10个香港住宅公寓中安装的非WELS喷头进行了比较，确定了淋浴的使用特性，讨论了与该喷头相关的水和能源的影响，结果表明，用WELS样本喷头替换家用现有的喷头可以减少用水每次淋浴的耗水量从48.7L（sd = 24L）降低到44.3L（sd = 1 7.4L），相应地，每个热水的能耗将从2.29MJ（sd = 1MJ）降低到2.14MJ（sd = 0.8MJ）淋浴时间。室外温度对乘员所需的热水温度没有显着影响（p＞ 0.2，配对t检验），淋浴时间没有显着差异。在WELS莲蓬头和家庭出水莲蓬头之间的d（p = 0.95，成对t检验）。使用者对WELS莲蓬头的接受程度与其供应流量和压力相关（p≤0.05，Chisquare测试）。

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