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Modification of m-line spectroscopy for single-mode waveguides

机译:单模波导m线光谱的修改

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Abstract: In optical planar and/or channel waveguides, determination of two parameters such as: the depth and the waveguide index with the use of the m-line spectroscopy (prism coupling method) involves measuring of at least two coupling angles of the guiding modes. Most of integrated optical devices operate in single-mode regime but such device developed for 2nd and 3rd transmission windows are multimodal within the VIS range thus the conventional m- line study with the use of the He-Ne laser yields in evaluation of the waveguide parameters under examination. However, the conventional m-line procedure of the determination of the waveguide parameters fails for single-mode structures developed for the application within the VIS-range. A method presented in the paper involves an additional two-beam interferometric examination of the slab with a waveguiding structure. The interference of the beams reflected from the upper and lower surfaces of the slab results in a fringe pattern. Within the region of the waveguide boundary one observes the fringe shift related to the difference of optical paths of the beams in- and outside of the waveguide. The microscopic study of that fringe pattern results in an additional relation of the waveguide depth and its index. A substitution of the waveguide depth by the last relation results in a modified modal equation for the waveguide index that can be solved by conventional numerical methods.!8
机译:摘要:在光学平面和/或通道波导中,使用m线光谱法(棱镜耦合法)确定深度和波导指数这两个参数需要测量至少两个导模的耦合角。大多数集成光学设备在单模态下运行,但是为第二和第三传输窗口开发的这种设备在VIS范围内是多峰的,因此使用He-Ne激光器进行常规m线研究以评估波导参数正在检查中。但是,对于在VIS范围内的应用开发的单模结构,传统的确定波导参数的m线方法失败。本文介绍的一种方法涉及对具有波导结构的平板进行额外的两束干涉测量。从平板的上表面和下表面反射的光束的干涉产生条纹图案。在波导边界的区域内,人们观察到与波导内外的光束的光程差有关的条纹偏移。对该条纹图案的微观研究导致了波导深度与其折射率的附加关系。用最后一个关系代替波导深度会导致修改后的波导指数模态方程,可以通过常规数值方法求解!8

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