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首页> 外文会议>HydroVision 2008 conference technical papers >High-Resolution Storm Rainfall Analysis for Use in Hydrologic Modeling: Storm Precipitation Analysis System (SPAS) and NEXRAD Weather Radar
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High-Resolution Storm Rainfall Analysis for Use in Hydrologic Modeling: Storm Precipitation Analysis System (SPAS) and NEXRAD Weather Radar

机译：用于水文建模的高分辨率风暴雨量分析：风暴降水分析系统（SPAS）和NEXRAD天气雷达

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The Storm Precipitation Analysis System (SPAS) is a sophisticated meteorological tool used torncharacterize the temporal and spatial details of rainfall events. SPAS was designed to producernstorm depth-area-duration (DAD) analyses for making objective comparisons of rainfallrnassociated with extreme storms in Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) studies. A SPASrnanalysis usually covers a relatively large area (generally >1000 square miles), requiresrnextensive data mining and analysis, and provides a wide range of deliverables including a fullrnstorm DAD analysis. However, hydrologic runoff model calibrations have been the catalyst tornuse SPAS to provide storm analyses over much smaller domains (generally <100 square miles)rnwith or without the DAD analysis while providing a sufficient set of deliverables for hydrologicrnmodeling purposes. The results are provided as spatially distributed rainfall (spatial resolutionrnapproximately one third square mile) over sub-basins or the average rainfall over sub-basins.rnRainfall amounts can be provided as frequent as every six minutes but are usually providedrnhourly.rnHourly rainfall observations are generally limited to a small number of locations, with manyrnbasins lacking observational rainfall data within the basin boundaries. Often Next GenerationrnWeather Radar (NEXRAD) weather radars provide coverage over these basins but lackrnreliability for determining rain rates and quantitative rainfall amounts. For basins located withinrnmountainous terrain, NEXRAD may not provide useful data in its normal scan mode because ofrnterrain blockage. NEXRAD data at higher radar scan elevations than are normally used can bernincorporated into the analyses over mountainous terrain to minimize terrain blockage problems.rnProcedures have been developed to use NEXRAD data together with rain gauge data bothrnwithin and in close proximity to basins to determine rainfall distributions within drainage basins.rnUsing rain gauge data together with NEXRAD data, rainfall fields are computed that providernreliable hourly rainfall amounts within the basin. These rainfall amounts are computed usingrnNEXRAD data that is calibrated each hour with the rainfall amounts reported at each of thernhourly rain gauge sites.rnThe spatially distributed rainfall fields are clipped to basin or sub-basin boundaries usingrngeographical information systems (GIS). Spatially distributed rainfall within the basinrnboundaries can be provided or can be averaged for each basin and/or sub-basin. Results canrnbe used for calibration and validation of run-off models for all types of rainfall events.rnThe high spatial and temporal resolution hourly rainfall allows for accurate estimates of rainfallrnvolumes over sub-basins located within relatively flat terrain as well as within topographicallyrncomplex regions. The increased accuracy of the precipitation analyses has eliminated the needrnfor commonly made assumptions about the precipitation characteristics, thereby greatlyrnimproving the precision and reliability of hydrologic runoff model results.
机译：风暴降水分析系统（SPAS）是一种复杂的气象工具，用于表征降雨事件的时空细节。 SPAS设计用于生产者暴风雨的深度-持续时间（DAD）分析，以便在可能的最大降水量（PMP）研究中对与极端暴风雨相关的降雨进行客观比较。 SPAS分析通常覆盖相对较大的区域（通常> 1000平方英里），需要进行广泛的数据挖掘和分析，并提供包括完整的风暴DAD分析在内的各种可交付成果。但是，水文径流模型校准一直是促使SPAS进行破坏的催化剂，无论是否进行DAD分析，它都可以在更小的域（通常小于100平方英里）上提供风暴分析，同时为水文建模目的提供足够的可交付成果。结果以子盆地上的空间分布降雨（空间分辨率约为1/3平方英里）或子盆地上的平均降雨量的形式提供.rn降雨量可以每六分钟提供一次，但通常是每小时提供一次.rn仅限于少数地区，许多盆地缺乏盆地边界内的观测降雨数据。通常，下一代天气雷达（NEXRAD）的天气雷达可以覆盖这些盆地，但缺乏确定降雨率和定量降雨量的可靠性。对于位于山区地形内的盆地，由于地形阻塞，NEXRAD在其正常扫描模式下可能无法提供有用的数据。可以将比通常使用的高的雷达扫描高度处的NEXRAD数据结合到山区地形的分析中，以最大程度地减少地形阻塞问题。rn已经开发了使用NEXRAD数据以及流域内和附近流域的雨量计数据来确定内部降雨分布的程序。使用雨量计数据和NEXRAD数据，计算出降雨流域，该流域可提供流域内可靠的每小时降雨量。这些降雨量是使用每小时在每个小时雨量计站点报告的降雨量校准的NEXRAD数据计算得出的。使用地理信息系统（GIS）将空间分布的降雨场裁剪到盆地或次盆地边界。可以提供流域边界内的空间分布降雨，或者可以对每个流域和/或子流域进行平均。可以将结果用于所有类型降雨事件的径流模型的校准和验证。高时空分辨率的每小时降雨可以准确估算位于相对平坦地形以及地形复杂区域内子盆地上的降雨量。降水分析准确性的提高消除了对降水特征的常规假设的需要，从而大大提高了水文径流模型结果的准确性和可靠性。

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