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Reduced Temperature Silver Paste with Low Contact Resistance for Advanced Solar Cell Applications

机译：具有低接触电阻的低温银浆，适用于高级太阳能电池应用

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The electrical contact formation on a crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell is generally a well-known phenomenon in the PV industry. The glass component along with inorganic additives in the silver paste are responsible for the reactions with silicon nitride ARC, silicon and silver that may lead to a low contact resistance in a screen printed solar cell. However, the detailed chemistry that controls the thermodynamic and kinetic temperature dependence of these reactions remains widely unknown. Currently, the vast majority of industrial c-Si solar cells are fired at relatively high temperatures (760-810 °C). In this work, it will be demonstrated how an additive, hereby referred to as the activator, can be used in order to reduce the required temperature for forming a low resistance electrical contact by greater than 150°C. Both the formation and nature of silver crystallites and colloids formed on the silicon emitter region and in the glass layer are greatly affected by the activator additive; which is referred to as such due to its ability to abruptly alter the temperature of contact formation in a non-linear fashion. This will create an entirely new temperature range in which a good front grid contact can be formed. This has important implications on current and future cell processing technologies such as PERC, which shows many advantages versus traditional aluminum back surface field (Al-BSF) cells, easily shown by PERC's large gains in internal quantum efficiency (IQE) over a wide range of wavelengths [1,2].
机译：晶体硅（c-Si）太阳能电池上的电接触形成通常是PV行业中众所周知的现象。玻璃成分与银浆中的无机添加剂共同导致与氮化硅ARC，硅和银的反应，这可能导致丝网印刷太阳能电池的接触电阻低。但是，控制这些反应的热力学和动力学温度依赖性的详细化学方法仍然广为人知。当前，绝大多数工业c-Si太阳能电池是在相对较高的温度（760-810°C）下燃烧的。在这项工作中，将证明如何使用添加剂，这里称为活化剂，以将形成低电阻电触点所需的温度降低150℃以上。活化剂添加剂极大地影响了在硅发射极区域和玻璃层中形成的银微晶和胶体的形成和性质。之所以这样称呼是因为它能够以非线性方式突然改变接触形成的温度。这将创建一个全新的温度范围，在该温度范围内可以形成良好的前栅极接触。这对PERC等当前和未来的电池处理技术具有重要意义，与传统的铝背表面场（Al-BSF）电池相比，PERC表现出许多优势，这很容易体现为PERC在较大范围内的内部量子效率（IQE）的巨大提升波长[1,2]。

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