As illustrated in the harmonization of ISO 15288 and ISO 12207, the disciplinesrnof systems engineering and software engineering share many processes, methods, andrnconcerns. In most systems of interest, software now provides a significant majority ofrnfunctionality and increasingly is a significant component in determining non-functionalrnattributes. Failures in system acquisition and implementation are often attributed to systemsrnand/or software engineering shortfalls. The need to apply systems engineering to softwarerndesign and development, as well as the need to incorporate software engineering conceptsrninto systems engineering decisions, implies that a closer relationship between the tworndisciplines is appropriate. This paper states a clear rationale for integrating the tworndisciplines, defines a framework that establishes a vocabulary for discussing integration, andrnpresents initial findings in using that framework to describe systems and software integrationrnin ongoing defence programs.
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