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首页> 外文会议>Indonesian Petroleum Association Twenty-Eighth Annual Convention Vol.1, Feb 26-28, 2002, Jakarta >GAS GEOCHEMISTRY - A KEY TO UNDERSTANDING FORMATION AND ALTERATION PROCESSES
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GAS GEOCHEMISTRY - A KEY TO UNDERSTANDING FORMATION AND ALTERATION PROCESSES

机译：天然气地球化学-认识形成和蚀变过程的关键

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Globally there has been growing interest in gas exploration. A better understanding of the processes associated with the formation and alteration of gas can result in more efficient exploration. This paper examines these processes and how geochemistry can be used to decipher a gas accumulation's history. Gas has multiple formation mechanisms. The mode of formation is reflected in a gas' bulk and isotope geochemistry. Examples are used to show how geochemical attributes can establish the mode of formation and alteration history. For example, with some limitations the significance of biogenic gas contributions can be estimated using the isotopic discordance of methane and the wet gas components. When a biogenic contribution is present methane appears isotopically lighter than would be anticipated. The presence of a biogenic component is significant in that it addresses the timing of trap development. The importance of primary vs. secondary cracking can also be established using the differences in the isotopic composition and the relative abundance of ethane and propane. This information and the estimated thermal maturity of the gas based on its isotope composition is key to establishing the source of the gas. Just like oil, gas may undergo significant alteration through both water washing and biodegradation. Water washing is established through increases in gas wetness and in the iC_4C_4 ratio. Biodegradation decreases gas wetness and results in isotopically heavier C_3, nC_4, and nC_5. These processes not only alter gas composition but may reduce the volume of gas present. Non-hydrocarbon components, principally CO_2 and N_2, can be significant in the region. Non-hydrocarbon content varies among basins and fields, and within individual fields. These components may also have multiple origins and their presence decreases the value of an individual accumulation. Their origin is established through the integration of isotope and geologic data.
机译：在全球范围内，人们对天然气勘探的兴趣与日俱增。更好地理解与气体形成和变化有关的过程可以提高勘探效率。本文研究了这些过程，以及如何利用地球化学来解释天然气成藏的历史。气体具有多种形成机理。形成方式反映在天然气的体积和同位素地球化学中。实例用于说明地球化学属性如何建立形成和蚀变历史的模式。例如，在某些限制下，可以使用甲烷与湿气成分的同位素不一致来估算生物气贡献的重要性。当存在生物成因时，甲烷在同位素上的出现比预期的要轻。生物成分的存在很重要，因为它可以解决陷阱形成的时机。也可以利用同位素组成的差异以及乙烷和丙烷的相对丰度来确定一次裂解与二次裂解的重要性。该信息和根据其同位素组成估算的气体热成熟度是确定气体来源的关键。就像石油一样，天然气可能会因水洗和生物降解而发生重大变化。通过增加气体湿度和iC_4 / nC_4比率来建立水洗。生物降解降低了气体的湿度，并导致同位素较重的C_3，nC_4和nC_5。这些过程不仅改变气体组成，而且可以减少存在的气体量。在该区域中，主要是CO_2和N_2的非碳氢化合物成分可能很重要。非烃含量在盆地和田间以及各个田间有所不同。这些成分也可能有多个来源，它们的存在会降低单个累加值。它们的起源是通过同位素和地质数据的整合来确定的。

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