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Economic Assessment of the Prospects for Hybrid Rice Cultivation in Tamil Nadu, India under Technological Stagnation

机译：技术停滞下印度泰米尔纳德邦杂交水稻栽培前景的经济评估

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The paper analysis the progress of hybrid rice technology in Tamil Nadu State of India based on the sample survey conducted at two periods of time. There was no yield gain from the hybrid rice technology in the State. Area under hybrid rice seed production is very much limited at present and seed supply is very much less in order to increase area under hybrid rice cultivation. Therefore, the success and sustenance of hybrid technology depend on the efficient and economics of hybrid seed production. The seed is very expensive to produce and availability of quality hybrid seeds at a reasonable price is the most important factor for large scale adoption of hybrid technology. The results showed that hybrid seed cost was higher by 48 per cent as compared to inbred. For farms, where hybrid yields were higher than the inbreds, the efficiency index was 0.92, while in farms where hybrid rice yields were lower than inbred was 0. 81. It was also noticed that farms which were operating at higher level of efficiency had higher yield of hybrid rice. It is clearly reveal that hybrid rice cultivation is more management intensive and higher yield can be obtained only under more intensive management condition. Majority of the hybrid rice growers in the study area (75 per cent) had low level of adoption of recommended hybrid rice production technologies. Consequently, hybrid rice technology has shown limited progress due to the inability to overcome several drawbacks. Target oriented programmes for the development of rice hybrids suitable for irrigated rice conditions with better grain quality are to be initiated to popularize hybrid rice cultivation in the state so as to achieve self-sufficiency. Lack of awareness and knowledge, lack of conviction of the technolo- gies, lack of training on improved package of practices of hybrid rice cultivation were identified as major constraints leading to poor adoption of the recommended technologies.
机译：本文基于两个时期的抽样调查，分析了印度泰米尔纳德邦杂交水稻技术的进步。该州的杂交水稻技术未带来增产。目前，杂交水稻种子生产的面积非常有限，而为了增加杂交水稻种植的面积，种子供应却非常少。因此，杂交技术的成功与成功取决于杂交种子生产的效率和经济性。种子的生产非常昂贵，以合理的价格获得高质量的杂交种子是大规模采用杂交技术的最重要因素。结果表明，与自交系相比，杂种种子成本高出48％。对于杂交水稻产量高于自交系的农场，效率指数为0.92，而杂交水稻产量低于自交系的农场的效率指数为0。81.还注意到以较高效率运行的农场具有更高的效率杂交水稻的产量。可以清楚地看出，杂交水稻的栽培更加集约化管理，只有在集约化管理条件下才能获得更高的产量。研究区域中的大多数杂交水稻种植者（75％）对推荐的杂交水稻生产技术的采用水平较低。因此，杂交稻技术由于无法克服几个缺点而显示出有限的进展。将启动针对目标的计划，开发适合粮食条件较好的水稻灌溉条件的杂交稻，以在该州推广杂交水稻种植，以实现自给自足。缺乏认识和知识，缺乏技术信念，缺乏有关改良杂交水稻栽培方法的培训被认为是导致未能广泛采用推荐技术的主要障碍。

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