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Extending the life of old infrastructure systems: the problem of overweight traffic management

机译：延长旧基础设施系统的寿命：交通管理超重的问题

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Managing large infrastructure systems is a multi-disciplinary activity requiring expertise from manyrnareas, including fields of research beyond the typical scope of the structural engineer. The processrnof risk analysis and decision-making itself involves knowledge of the cognitive mechanisms and thernpsychology of economic decisions. Mere structural reliability is just one of many aspects affectingrndecisions, while economic, social, ethical and legal issues must also be considered in a risk modelrnanswering to the owner's perspective. This contribution focuses on the legal issues entailed by thernauthorization - to be issued by transportation agencies - of overweight traffic on road bridges. Inrnfact, correct decision-making should consider the legal liability involved in possible catastrophicrnevents. Currently, transportation agencies do not know how to behave in the case of transitrnapplications on their bridges. This is because most bridges operating in Western Countries werernbuilt according to old codes that foresaw design loads inconsistent with today’s traffic demand. Inrnthis paper we illustrate how this problem is addressed by the Department of Transportation of thernItalian Autonomous Province of Trento, a medium-sized agency managing approximately onernthousand bridges across its territory. In their basic approach, APT does not authorize the transit ofrnoverweight loads unless it is demonstrated that the effect is less than that of the nominal design load.rnWhen this condition is not satisfied, a formal evaluation is carried out in an attempt to assess arnhigher load carrying capacity for the bridge. If, after the reassessment, the capacity is insufficient,rnthe bridge is classified as sub-standard and a formal evaluation of the operational risk is performedrnin order to define a priority ranking for future reinforcement or replacement. We illustrate thernsystem operation with a number of practical examples.
机译：管理大型基础设施系统是一项跨学科的活动，需要许多领域的专业知识，包括结构工程师典型范围之外的研究领域。过程风险分析和决策本身涉及经济决策的认知机制和热心理学。纯粹的结构可靠性只是影响决策的众多方面之一，而在应对所有者观点的风险模型中也必须考虑经济，社会，道德和法律问题。这项贡献集中在由运输机构颁发的对公路桥梁超重交通的授权所引起的法律问题。事实上，正确的决策应考虑可能发生的灾难性事件所涉及的法律责任。当前，运输机构不知道在桥梁上进行过境运输时的行为。这是因为在西方国家/地区运营的大多数桥梁都是根据旧法规建造的，这些旧法规预见了设计负荷与当今的交通需求不一致。在本文中，我们将说明意大利特伦托自治省交通运输部如何解决此问题，特伦托是一家中型机构，管理着其领土上的大约数千座桥梁。在其基本方法中，APT不允许超重荷重的传递，除非证明其影响小于标称设计荷重。rn当不满足此条件时，将进行正式评估以尝试评估更大的荷重。桥梁的承载能力。在重新评估后，如果能力不足，则将该桥列为次标准，并对运营风险进行正式评估，以定义未来加固或更换的优先级。我们通过许多实际示例来说明系统的操作。

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