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首页> 外文会议>Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology IX >Aqueous Biotic and Abiotic Alteration of Silicate Rock: Evaluation of Landing Sites on Mars for Their Potential of Revealing Evidence for Life
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Aqueous Biotic and Abiotic Alteration of Silicate Rock: Evaluation of Landing Sites on Mars for Their Potential of Revealing Evidence for Life

机译：硅酸盐岩的水生生物和非生物蚀变：评估火星着陆点揭示生命证据的潜力

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摘要

Three quarters of Earth's near surface rock is volcanic and virtually all of it has persistent or intermittent exposure to water. Hydration of the primary igneous silicate minerals (feldspar, pyroxene, olivine, and amorphous glass) and chemical exchange between these minerals and water produces secondary phyllosilicate minerals. The mineral-water interface is energy rich and supports diverse microbial communities that take up residence along cooling cracks and fractures. Microbes bore into minerals and leave trace fossils and organic evidence of their presence. The Martian surface is also dominated by volcanic rocks and some of these have been exposed to water long enough for phyllosilicates to form. These phyllosilicates are found in some Martian meteorites and a widespread distribution of phyllosilicates is indicated by reflected infrared light from some areas of Mars. As microbial trace fossils have been preserved for billions of years on Earth, if life ever existed at water-rock interfaces on Mars, then evidence of this life will have been preserved in the rocks. Areas of Mars that are likely to contain rocks that once were in contact with water can be located with orbital imagery. A rover on the Martian surface can locate outcrops likely to contain evidence of water-rock interaction based on the geological context and outcrop morphology. Examination of prepared surfaces of outcrops with a microscopic imager could reveal microbial trace fossils. Chemical analysis of the same surfaces prepared for microscopic imaging could reveal complex organic compounds. Here we report on a strategy for evaluating landing sites on Mars for their potential for containing evidence of microbial activity in volcanic rocks.
机译：地球近四分之三的地表岩石是火山岩，几乎所有岩石都持续或间歇地暴露于水。主要的火成硅酸盐矿物（长石，辉石，橄榄石和无定形玻璃）的水合以及这些矿物与水之间的化学交换产生了次生的页硅酸盐矿物。矿泉水界面能量丰富，并支持各种微生物群落，这些微生物群落沿着冷却裂缝和裂缝占据。微生物会渗入矿物中，并留下痕迹的化石和存在它们的有机证据。火星表面也被火山岩所控制，其中一些已经暴露于水中足够长的时间以形成页硅酸盐。这些层状硅酸盐存在于某些火星陨石中，并且来自火星某些区域的反射红外光表明层状硅酸盐分布广泛。由于微生物痕迹化石在地球上已经保存了数十亿年，如果在火星上水-岩石界面曾经存在过生命，那么这种生命的证据将被保存在岩石中。可能包含曾经与水接触过的岩石的火星区域可以通过轨道图像定位。根据地质背景和露头形态，火星表面的火星车可以发现露头可能包含水-岩相互作用的证据。用显微成像仪检查露头准备好的表面可能会发现微生物痕迹化石。对准备用于显微成像的相同表面进行化学分析可能会发现复杂的有机化合物。在这里，我们报告了一项评估火星着陆点潜在可能性的策略，其中包含了火山岩中微生物活动的证据。

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