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首页> 外文会议>Instruments, methods, and missions for astrobiology XIV >Biomineral microstructures in ferromanganese nodules: evidence of the biological and abiogenous origin
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Biomineral microstructures in ferromanganese nodules: evidence of the biological and abiogenous origin

机译：锰铁结核中的生物矿物微观结构：生物学和非生物起源的证据

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摘要

Manganese oxides, which are widespread and of great practical importance, are formed and transformed by the active role of microorganisms. Manganese aggregates occur as both crystallized varieties and disordered fine-grained phases with significant ore grade and up to 50-60 vol % of X-ray amorphous components. X-ray amorphous nanosizedMn oxides in Fe-Mn nodules from the Pacific Ocean floor were examined from the standpoint of their biogenic origin. SEM examination showed abundant mineralized biofilms on the studied samples. The chemical composition of bacterial mass is as follows (wt %): 28.34 MnO, 17.14 Fe_2O_3, 7.11 SiO_2,2.41 CaO, 17.90 TiO_2, 1.74Na_2O,1.73 Al_2O_3,1.30 MgO, 1.25P_2O_5,1.25 SO_3,0.68 CoO, 0.54 CuO, 0.53 NiO, and 0.50 K_2O. The chemical composition of fossilized cyanobacterial mats within the interlayer space of nodules is as follows (wt %): 48.35 MnO, 6.23 Fe_2O_3, 8.76 MgO, 5.05 Al_2O_3, 4.45 SiO_2, 3.63 NiO, 2.30 Na_2O, 2.19 CuO, 1.31 CaO, and 0.68 K_2O is direct evidence for participation of bacteria in Mn oxide formation. This phase consists of mineralized glycocalix consisting of nanosized flakes of todorokite. Native metals (Cu, Fe, and Zn) as inclusions 10-20 urn in size were identified in ferromanganese nodules as well. The formation of native metals can be explained by their crystallization at highly reducing conditions maintained by organic matter.
机译：通过微生物的活跃作用形成并转化了锰氧化物，其具有广泛的实用价值。锰聚集体既有结晶矿又有无序细晶相，具有明显的矿石品位和高达50％至60％（体积）的X射线非晶态成分。从它们的生物成因角度出发，研究了太平洋海底Fe-Mn结核中的X射线无定形纳米Mn氧化物。 SEM检查显示在研究样品上有丰富的矿化生物膜。细菌质量的化学组成如下（重量％）：28.34 MnO，17.14 Fe_2O_3、7.11 SiO_2、2.41 CaO，17.90 TiO_2、1.74Na_2O，1.73 Al_2O_3、1.30 MgO，1.25P_2O_5、1.25 SO_3、0.68 CoO，0.54 CuO 0.53 NiO和0.50 K_2O。结节层间空间内的化石蓝藻垫的化学组成如下（wt％）：48.35 MnO，6.23 Fe_2O_3、8.76 MgO，5.05 Al_2O_3、4.45 SiO_2、3.63 NiO，2.30 Na_2O，2.19 CuO，1.31 CaO和0.68 K_2O是细菌参与氧化锰形成的直接证据。该阶段由矿化的糖酒杯组成，糖化酒杯由白云母的纳米薄片组成。在锰铁结核中也发现了大小为10-20微米的内含物（铜，铁和锌）。天然金属的形成可以通过它们在有机物维持的高度还原条件下的结晶来解释。

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