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首页> 外文会议>Instruments, methods, and missions for astrobiology XVII >Microorganisms in extreme environments with a view to astrobiology in the outer Solar System
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Microorganisms in extreme environments with a view to astrobiology in the outer Solar System

机译：极端环境中的微生物，以期在外部太阳系中观察天体生物学

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We review the various manifestations of the evolution of life in extreme environments. We review those aspects of extremophiles that are most relevant for astrobiology. We are aware that geothermal energy triggering sources of heat in oceanic environments are not unique to our planet, a fact that was exposed by the Voyager mission images of volcanic activity on Io, the Jovian moon. Such activity exceeded by far what was known form terrestrial geology. The science of astrobiology has considered the possible presence of several moon oceans in the vicinity of both giant gas and icy planets. These watery environments include, not only Europa (strongly suggested by data from the Galileo mission), but the Voyager flybys exposed, not only the unusual geothermal activity on Io, but also the possible presence of subsurface oceans and some geothermal activity on the Neptune's moon Triton. More recently, calculations of Hussmann and coworkers with available data do not exclude that even Uranus moons may be candidates for bearing subsurface oceans. These possibilities invite a challenge that we gladly welcome, of preliminary discussions of habitability of extremophiles in so far novel environments for the science of astrobiology. Nevertheless, such exploration is currently believed to be feasible with the new generations of missions suggested for the time window of 2030 - 2040, or even earlier. We are envisaging, not only the current exploration of the moons of Saturn, but in the coming years we expect to go beyond to Uranus and Neptune to include dwarf planets and trans-neptunian worlds. Consequently, it is necessary to begin questioning whether the Europa-like conditions for the evolution of microorganisms are repeatable elsewhere. At present three new missions are in the process of being formulated, including the selection of payloads that will be necessary for the exploration of the various so far unexplored moons.
机译：我们回顾了极端环境下生命进化的各种表现形式。我们回顾了与天体生物学最相关的极端微生物的那些方面。我们知道，海洋环境中触发地球热能的地热能源并不是我们星球所独有的，这一事实在旅行者号木卫一月球Io上的火山活动影像中得到了揭示。迄今为止，这种活动超出了陆地地质学的范围。占星生物学已考虑到巨大的气体和冰冷行星附近可能存在数个月亮海洋。这些水域环境不仅包括欧罗巴（由伽利略飞行任务的数据强烈建议），而且还包括暴露于航海家的飞越物，不仅包括艾奥岛上异常的地热活动，还包括海底星空可能存在的地下海洋和某些地热活动。特里顿最近，Hussmann及其同事利用现有数据进行的计算并没有排除即使天王星卫星也可能是承载地下海洋的候选对象。这些可能性带来了挑战，我们很高兴地欢迎迄今为止关于天体生物学科学的新型环境中极端微生物的可居住性的初步讨论。然而，目前认为，对于2030年至2040年或更早的时间范围内建议的新一代任务，这种探索是可行的。我们预计，不仅是目前对土星卫星的探索，而且在未来几年中，我们预计将超越天王星和海王星，包括矮行星和海王星世界。因此，有必要开始怀疑是否像欧罗巴那样的微生物进化条件在其他地方是否可以重复。目前，正在制定三个新的任务，包括选择有效载荷，这对于探索迄今尚未探索的各种卫星都是必要的。

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