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The Emergence of Specialization

机译：专业化的兴起

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The emergence of specialization remains a true challenge. Suppose a world initially filled with specialized and generalist agents, and let's define these later as able to endorse the various competences characterizing the specialists and to endorse them as well as the specialists. In an evolutionary perspective, it is obvious to see why a specialist will always be less adapted than a generalist, which can indeed alternatively act as many experts. The generalists will meet much more agents and much more situations to which they are adapted to and then cumulate much more payoff (unless the tasks done by generalists are systematically of pitiful quality). This is indeed a paradox to face in order to make sense of a world nonetheless fall of specialists. This paper will discuss various ways, beyond the obvious possibility of unfavoring multi-specialization by paying a high cost, to allow specialists to survive the presence of generalists.
机译：专业化的出现仍然是一个真正的挑战。假设一个世界最初充满了专业和通才的代理人，然后让我们将它们定义为能够认可表征专家的各种能力，并认可他们以及专家。从进化的角度来看，很明显可以看出为什么专家总是比通才适应性差，而通才确实可以替代许多专家。通才将遇到更多的代理商和他们要适应的更多情况，然后累积更多的收益（除非通才完成的任务在系统上具有可怜的质量）。然而，要想弄清专家的落伍，这确实是一个悖论。本文将讨论各种方法，除了通过支付高额费用而不利于多专业化的明显可能性之外，还允许专家在通才的存在下生存。

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