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Holey Fitness Landscapes and the Maintenance of Evolutionary Diversity

机译：有孔的健身景观和进化多样性的维持

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Analytical models show that high-dimensional fitness landscapes form 'holey' rather than 'rugged' topographies, but the implications of this finding for biological and artificial life systems remain largely unexplored. One of the reasons for this gap can be attributed to serious difficulties in the implementation of individual-based holey fitness landscape (HFL) models. Here, we introduce a method for simulating HFLs in spatially explicit individual-based models that overcomes these difficulties. We examine how the HFL changes predictions for the maintenance of genetic diversity in the face of migration. Previous models suggest that ecologically-based reproductive isolation will rapidly collapse under migration. Our results indicate that an underlying HFL can often maintain diversity in this situation. Hybrid species emerge frequently when HFL genetics are simulated, but are usually doomed to extinction because of small population sizes. However, hybridisation can also lead to novel adaptations and potentially the exploitation of new ecological niches. More generally, the results imply that HFL genetics should not be neglected in studies of adaptation and diversity.
机译：分析模型表明，高维健身景观形成的是“有孔”而不是“崎'”的地形，但这一发现对生物和人工生命系统的影响仍未得到充分探索。造成这种差距的原因之一可归因于在实施基于个人的有孔健身景观（HFL）模型时遇到的严重困难。在这里，我们介绍了一种在空间明确的基于个体的模型中模拟HFL的方法，该方法克服了这些困难。我们研究了HFL在面对移民时如何改变维持遗传多样性的预测。先前的模型表明，基于生态的生殖隔离将在迁徙下迅速瓦解。我们的结果表明，在这种情况下，潜在的HFL通常可以保持多样性。当对HFL遗传学进行模拟时，杂种经常出现，但由于种群规模小，它们注定要灭绝。但是，杂交也可能导致新的适应，并有可能开发新的生态位。更普遍地，结果暗示在适应和多样性研究中不应忽略HFL遗传学。

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