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Numerical model of cosmic ray induced ionization in the atmosphere CRAC:CRII

机译：大气层中宇宙射线诱导电离的数值模型CRAC：CRII

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Cosmic rays form the main source of the atmospheric ionization in low and middle atmosphere. A major progress has been recently achieved in numerical modelling of this process, basing on a full Monte-Carlo simulation of the complicated cascade initiated by cosmic rays in the atmosphere. Here we present a new version of the CRAC:CRII model computing ionization induced by cosmic rays in the atmosphere, that extends from low and middle to the upper atmosphere. The model is able to compute the ionization rate in the atmosphere at any given location and time provided the energy spectrum of incoming cosmic rays is known. It computes the background ionization due to galactic cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere in a more correct way comparing to earlier models. Using this a new model we evaluate the ionization effects in the atmosphere caused by several major solar energetic particle (SEP) events for the last decades. It is shown that the direct ionization effect due to SEP is often overcompensated by the accompanying Forbush decreases of galactic cosmic rays. The enhanced ionization appears only in the polar atmosphere, where it can be dramatic in the middle and upper atmosphere.
机译：宇宙射线是中低层大气中电离的主要来源。基于对大气中宇宙射线引发的复杂级联的完整蒙特卡罗模拟，最近在此过程的数值建模中取得了重大进展。在这里，我们介绍了一种新版本的CRAC：CRII模型，该模型计算了大气中宇宙射线引起的电离，该电离从低层和中层一直延伸到高层大气。该模型能够计算出任何给定位置和时间的大气中的电离率，只要知道入射宇宙射线的能谱即可。与早期模型相比，它以更正确的方式计算了高层大气中银河宇宙射线引起的背景电离。使用这个新模型，我们评估了过去几十年中由几次重大太阳高能粒子（SEP）事件引起的大气中的电离效应。结果表明，由于SEP引起的直接电离效应常常被伴随的银河宇宙射线的Forbush减少所过度补偿。增强的电离仅出现在极地大气中，而在中层和高层大气中则很明显。

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