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An overview of the NASA tropics earth venture mission

机译：NASA热带地区地球冒险任务概述

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The Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats (TROPICS) mission was recently selected by NASA as part of the Earth Venture Instrument (EVI-3) program. The overarching goal for TROPICS is to provide nearly all-weather observations of 3-D temperature and humidity, as well as cloud ice and precipitation horizontal structure, at high temporal resolution to conduct high-value science investigations of tropical cyclones, including: (1) relationships of rapidly evolving precipitation and upper cloud structures to upper-level warm-core intensity and associated storm intensity changes; (2) the evolution of precipitation structure and storm intensification in relationship to environmental humidity fields; and (3) the impact of rapid-update observations on numerical and statistical intensity forecasts of tropical cyclones. TROPICS will provide rapid-refresh microwave measurements (median refresh rate of 30 minutes for the baseline mission) over the tropics that can be used to observe the thermodynamics of the troposphere and precipitation structure for storm systems at the mesoscale and synoptic scale over the entire storm life-cycle. TROPICS comprises approximately 12 CubeSats in three low-Earth orbital planes. Each CubeSat will host a high performance radiometer to provide temperature profiles using seven channels near the 118.75 GHz oxygen absorption line, water vapor profiles using three channels near the 183 GHz water vapor absorption line, imagery in a single channel near 90 GHz for precipitation measurements (when combined with higher resolution water vapor channels), and a single channel at 206 GHz that is more sensitive to precipitation-sized ice particles. This observing system offers an unprecedented combination of horizontal and temporal resolution to measure environmental and inner-core conditions for tropical cyclones on a nearly global scale and is a major leap forward in the temporal resolution of several key parameters needed for assimilation into advanced data assimilation systems capable of utilizing rapid-update radiance or retrieval data.
机译：美国国家航空航天局（NASA）最近选择了具有小卫星星座的降水结构和风暴强度的时间分辨观测（TROPICS），作为地球风险仪器（EVI-3）计划的一部分。 TROPICS的总体目标是在高时间分辨率下提供3-D温度和湿度以及云冰和降水水平结构的几乎全天候观测，以进行热带气旋的高价值科学研究，包括：（1 ）迅速发展的降水和高层云结构与高层暖芯强度和相关风暴强度变化的关系； （2）降水结构的演变和风暴强度与环境湿度场的关系； （3）快速更新的观测结果对热带气旋数值和统计强度预报的影响。 TROPICS将在热带地区提供快速刷新的微波测量结果（基线任务平均刷新速度为30分钟），可用于在整个风暴中以中尺度和天气尺度观测风暴系统的对流层热力学和降水结构生命周期。 TROPICS在三个低地球轨道平面上包括大约12个立方体卫星。每台CubeSat都将配备一个高性能辐射计，以使用118.75 GHz氧气吸收线附近的七个通道提供温度曲线，使用183 GHz水蒸气吸收线附近的三个通道提供水蒸气曲线，在90 GHz附近的单个通道中提供影像以进行降水量测量（ （与更高分辨率的水蒸气通道结合使用时），以及对降水量大小的冰粒更敏感的206 GHz单通道。该观测系统提供了前所未有的水平和时间分辨率组合，可以在近乎全球范围内测量热带气旋的环境和核心条件，并且在时间分辨率方面取得了重大飞跃，这些时间参数需要同化为高级数据同化系统能够利用快速更新的辐射或检索数据。

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