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Nutrient management in China: From production systems to food chain

机译：中国的营养管理：从生产系统到食物链

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Since 1949, especially when China initiated economic reforms and the open-door policy in the 1980's, China's economy has made great strides. In 2004, China's GDP was 13, 650 billon RMB, which accounted for 4% of total globe GDP (China Statistical Bureau, 2004). Along with the rapid economic growth, people's living standard improved tremendously. Productions of livestock, fish and horticulture and industrial raw material crops have also grown rapidly. Food supplies, in both quantity and variety, have flourished. In the meanwhile, the daily activity of food consumption has changed from survival-based eating to luxury and excessive eating for many people. This is especially true in more developed areas and cities.The rapid economic growth has led to unprecedented resource exhaustion and environmental degradation. Also, improvement in living standard has greatly increased the amount of nutrient stocks and flows throughout the food chain. In the meanwhile, nutrient use efficiencies in both crop and livestock production systems in China remain considerably lower than those in developed countries. This paper discusses the accomplishments, problems and opportunities in nutrient management in China. The overall situation of nutrient management and major problems in crop and livestock production systems as well as household consumption systems are addressed. A new approach from the viewpoint of the entire food chain to enhance nutrient efficiency and reduce environmental degradation is proposed.
机译：自1949年以来，特别是当中国在1980年代发起经济改革和实行开放政策时，中国的经济取得了长足的进步。 2004年，中国的GDP为13,650亿元人民币，占全球GDP的4％（中国统计局，2004年）。随着经济的快速增长，人民生活水平大大提高。牲畜，鱼类和园艺以及工业原料作物的产量也迅速增长。数量和种类丰富的粮食供应蓬勃发展。同时，许多人的日常饮食活动已从以生存为基础的饮食转变为奢侈和过量饮食。在较发达的地区和城市尤其如此。快速的经济增长导致前所未有的资源枯竭和环境恶化。此外，生活水平的提高极大地增加了整个食物链中的营养储备和流量。同时，中国农作物和牲畜生产系统中的养分利用效率仍然大大低于发达国家。本文讨论了中国营养管理的成就，问题和机遇。解决了养分管理的总体状况以及作物和牲畜生产系统以及家庭消费系统中的主要问题。从整个食物链的角度提出了一种提高营养效率和减少环境退化的新方法。

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