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Nitrogen release from organic fertilizers after short and long-term application to arable land

机译：短期和长期施用到耕地后从有机肥料释放氮

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The general principles underlying N-availability from organic fertilizers are highlighted in this paper. Nitrogen from organic fertilizers often shows little effect on crop growth immediately after application. In this situation, the soil N-pool, which increases with the long-term use of organic fertilizers, instead supplies N for plant growth. Short-term N release from organic fertilizers, measured as mineral fertilizer equivalents varies greatly, from between 0 (some composts) to nearly 100% (urine). The most important parameters predicting the short-term availability of N are total and mineral (NH_4~+-N) nitrogen contents, C/N-ratio (especially of the decomposable organic fraction), and stability of the organic substances. Processing particularly influences the N-availability of organic fertilizers. In this respect, anaerobic fermentation increases both NH_4~+-nitrogen content and the stability of organic matter and produces an organic residue with rapid availability of N. Knowledge about the residual effects of the long-term application of organic fertilizers provides an important basis for developing environmentally and agronomically sound strategies.
机译：本文重点介绍了有机肥氮素有效性的基本原理。施肥后，来自有机肥料的氮通常对作物生长几乎没有影响。在这种情况下，随着长期使用有机肥料而增加的土壤氮库为植物生长提供了氮。有机肥料的短期氮释放量（以矿物肥料当量计）在0（一些堆肥）到近100％（尿）之间变化很大。预测氮的短期有效性的最重要参数是总氮和矿物质（NH_4〜+ -N）的氮含量，C / N比（尤其是可分解的有机部分）和有机物质的稳定性。加工过程特别影响有机肥料的氮素利用率。在这方面，厌氧发酵既增加了NH_4〜+-氮含量，又增加了有机物的稳定性，并产生了可快速吸收N的有机残留物。关于长期施用有机肥料的残留效应的知识为该技术的发展提供了重要依据制定环境和农学上合理的策略。

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