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首页> 外文会议>International symposium on rapeseed science >UTILIZATION OF WILD GERMPLASM OF Brassica ALLIES IN DEVELOPING CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY-FERTILITY RESTORATION SYSTEMS IN INDIAN MUSTARD―Brassica juncea
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UTILIZATION OF WILD GERMPLASM OF Brassica ALLIES IN DEVELOPING CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY-FERTILITY RESTORATION SYSTEMS IN INDIAN MUSTARD―Brassica juncea

机译：芥菜种的野生种质利用在印度芥菜芥菜细胞质雄性不育恢复系统中的应用

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Several reports on intervarietal hybrids in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) indicate high heterosis for seed yield ranging from 41 to 93%. Since mustard is a self-fertilizing crop, successful exploitation of heterosis depends on availability of an efficient pollination control mechanism. Cytoplasmic male sterility along with fertility restoring system is an ideal choice. This trait (CMS) is encoded in mitochondrial DNA and may arise spontaneously due to mutation or alternatively it can be expressed by placing crop nucleus in alien cytoplasm-the alloplasmics. The wild germplasm related to crop Brassica, which is commonly referred to as Brassica coenospecies is a potential reservoir of variable cytoplasm as revealed by their mitochondrial DNA RFLPs. Cytoplasms of eight wild species viz. Brassica oxyrrhina, Trachystoma balli, Moricandia arvensis, Diplotaxis catholica, Diplotaxis siifolia, Diplotaxis erucoides, Erucastrum canariense and Raphanus sativus (ogura) have been introgressed to B. juncea and alloplasmics have been obtained following either sexual or somatic hybridizations. Male sterility is absolutely stable. However, abnormalities of both developmental and floral were observed. These include delayed flowering, mild or severe leaf chlorosis, floral deformities and low seed fertility. Floral abnormalities include narrow petals, petaloid or vestigial anthers, crooked style and sometimes unusually broad stigma. Also, the flowers of some of the plants have poorly developed or absent nectaries. These defects have rectified following protoplast fusion leading to new combinations of chloroplast and mitochondria. It is observed that these improved CMS plants have novel mitochondria originated from intergenomic recombination as revealed by southern hybridization using various mitochondrial gene probes (cox 1, atp 6, 26 S rRNA). Fertility restoring nuclear genes from the wild parents have been introgressed for CMS Moricandia, Trachystoma, Catholica and Canariense systems through chromosome engineering, following allosyndetic recombination between the wild and crop species chromosomes. The introgressed genes are stable and genetical studies indicate that single dominant gene is responsible for restoration in all the systems. Restoration in the F_1 hybrids is complete. The restored plants have normal meiosis with regular 18 bivalent formations leading to high pollen and seed fertility. Based on these we conclude: 1. Several functional 3-line systems are now available in Brassica juncea. 2. Wild germplasm has vast potential for developing alloplasmics of diverse origin. 3. CMS with recombined mitochondria have less floral abrnormalities and are more amendable for fertility restoration.
机译：关于印度芥菜（Brassica juncea）品种间杂种的几份报告表明，杂种优势高，种子产量介于41％至93％之间。由于芥末是一种自肥作物，对杂种优势的成功开发取决于有效的授粉控制机制。胞质雄性不育以及生殖力恢复系统是理想的选择。此性状（CMS）编码于线粒体DNA中，可能由于突变而自发出现，或者可以通过将农作物核置于异质质中来表达。与农作物芸苔属有关的野生种质，通常被称为芸苔属种质，如其线粒体DNA RFLP所揭示的那样，是潜在的可变细胞质库。八种野生物种的细胞质。芸苔属（B. juncea）已渗入甘蓝型油菜（Brassica oxyrrhina），球形拟南曲霉（Trachystoma balli），广兰香（Moricandia arvensis），Diplotaxis catholica，Diplotaxis siifolia，Diplotaxis erucoides，Erucastrum canariense和Raphanus sativus（ogura），并且通过有性或体细胞杂交获得了同种异体。男性不育绝对稳定。然而，观察到发育和花期的异常。这些包括延迟开花，轻度或重度叶片萎黄，花畸形和低种子繁殖力。花的异常包括狭窄的花瓣，花瓣状或残留的花药，弯曲的样式以及有时异常宽大的柱头。而且，某些植物的花发育不佳或没有蜜腺。这些缺陷已在原生质体融合后得到纠正，从而导致了叶绿体和线粒体的新结合。观察到，这些改良的CMS植物具有新的线粒体，该线粒体源自基因组重组，如使用各种线粒体基因探针（cox 1，atp 6、26 S rRNA）进行的Southern杂交所揭示的。在野生和作物物种染色体之间进行同位异位重组后，通过染色体工程已将来自野生亲本的恢复生育力的核基因引入了CMS Moricandia，Trachystoma，Catholica和Canariense系统。渗入的基因是稳定的，遗传研究表明单个显性基因负责所有系统的恢复。 F_1混合动力车的恢复已完成。恢复的植物具有正常的减数分裂，具有规则的18个二价形成，从而导致高花粉和种子繁殖力。基于这些结论，我们得出以下结论：1.芥菜现在有几种功能性的3线系统。 2.野生种质具有发展多种来源的同质异种的巨大潜力。 3.带有重组线粒体的CMS具有较少的花序畸形，并且更适合恢复生育能力。

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