• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Advances in Building Technology Vol.2, Dec 4-6, 2002, Hong Kong, China >THE ECO-COSTS/VALUE-RATIO
【24h】

THE ECO-COSTS/VALUE-RATIO

机译：生态成本/价值比

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

The basic idea of the EVR (Eco-costs/Value Ratio) model is to link the 'value chain' (Porter, 1985) to the ecological 'product chain'. In the value chain, the added value (in terms of money) and the added costs are determined for each step of the product 'from cradle to grave'. Similarly, the ecological impact of each step in the product chain is expressed in terms of money, the so-called eco-costs. The eco-costs are 'virtual' costs: these costs are related to measures which have to be taken to make (and recycle) a product 'in line with earth's estimated carrying capacity'. These costs have been estimated on the basis of technical measures to prevent pollution and resource depletion to a level which is sufficient to make our society sustainable. The ratio of eco-cost and value, the so-called Eco-costs/Value Ratio, EVR, is defined in each step in the chain as: EVR=eco-costs/value The five components of the eco-costs have been defined as 3 'direct' components plus 2 'indirect' components: 1. virtual pollution prevention costs, being the costs required to reduce the emissions of the production processes to a sustainable level (Vogtlander et al., 2000); 2. eco-costs of energy, being the price for renewable energy sources; 3. materials depletion costs, being (costs of raw materials) * (1-α), where a is the recycled fraction; 4. eco-costs of depreciation, being the eco-costs related to the use of equipment, buildings, etc.; 5. eco-costs of labour, being the eco-costs related to labour, such as commuting and the use of the office (building, heating, lighting, electricity for computers, paper, office products, etc.). Based on a detailed cost-structure of the product, the eco-costs can be calculated by multiplying each cost element with its specific Eco-costs/Value Ratio, the EVR. These specific EVRs have been calculated on the bases of LCAs.
机译：EVR（生态成本/价值比）模型的基本思想是将“价值链”（Porter，1985）与生态“产品链”联系起来。在价值链中，为产品的“从摇篮到坟墓”的每个步骤确定附加值（以货币计）和附加成本。类似地，产品链中每个步骤的生态影响都用金钱（即所谓的生态成本）表示。生态成本是“虚拟”成本：这些成本与“符合地球的估计承载能力”的产品（和回收利用）所采取的措施有关。这些费用是根据防止污染和资源枯竭至足以使我们的社会可持续发展的技术措施估计的。生态成本与价值之比，即所谓的生态成本/价值比，EVR，在链的每个步骤中都定义为：EVR =生态成本/价值已经定义了生态成本的五个组成部分作为3个“直接”组成部分加上2个“间接”组成部分：1.虚拟污染预防成本，即将生产过程的排放降低到可持续水平所需的成本（Vogtlander等，2000）； 2.能源的生态成本，即可再生能源的价格； 3.物料损耗成本，为（原材料成本）*（1-α），其中a为回收分数； 4.折旧的生态成本，即与设备，建筑物等的使用有关的生态成本； 5.劳动的生态成本，即与劳动有关的生态成本，例如通勤和办公室的使用（建筑物，暖气，照明，计算机用电，纸张，办公用品等）。根据产品的详细成本结构，可以通过将每个成本要素与其特定的生态成本/价值比（EVR）相乘来计算生态成本。这些特定的EVR是根据LCA计算得出的。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号