首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Advances in Destructive and Non-Destructive Analysis for Environmental Monitoring and Nuclear Forensics; 20021021-20021023; Karlsruhe; DE >ROLE OF PROPER RESPONSE SCHEMES, LEGISLATION AND REGIONAL CO-OPERATION IN COMBATING ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
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ROLE OF PROPER RESPONSE SCHEMES, LEGISLATION AND REGIONAL CO-OPERATION IN COMBATING ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

机译:适当应对方案,立法和区域合作在打击核材料非法贩运中的作用

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摘要

Bulgaria's geographical location - between Europe, the former Soviet Union, and the Middle East - exposes it to much illegal trafficking: of people, arms, drugs, etc. The trafficking of nuclear and radioactive materials in Bulgaria can be divided in two main parts - internal and transit. Internal trafficking consists of stolen radioactive sources such as counters and densitometers, irradiation devices, tools for removing static electricity, and smoke detectors, which mainly contain the isotopes ~(137)Cs, ~(60)Co, ~(192)Ir, ~(226)Ra and ~(241)Am. The external trafficking of illicit nuclear materials is connected with transfer of raw materials and expensive metals from the former Soviet Union to countries in Western Europe and the Middle East, including aluminium, osmium, caesium, scandium, rare earth elements, red mercury, plutonium and enriched uranium. Detecting internal and external trafficking poses serious problems for the Bulgarian authorities, in terms of equipment and qualified personnel at the borders and inside the country. Developing countries need protocols for detecting and responding to illicit trafficking of nuclear materials, which is a new threat that requires rapid implementation of comprehensive measures and efforts, novel approaches, coordination of services and institutions, and even new legislation. The paper describes a three step model for better and more rapid responses for combating illicit nuclear trafficking in Bulgaria. The steps involve developing first response protocols, using nondestructive analytical means to categorize materials on-site, followed by in-depth analysis. It is also important to initiate contacts with neighbouring countries to foster regional collaboration among lawenforcement agencies, customs authorities, analytical laboratories, etc., to improve efficiency in combating illicit trafficking of nuclear materials.
机译:保加利亚的地理位置-位于欧洲,前苏联和中东之间-使其受到大量非法贩运:人口,武器,毒品等的非法贩运。保加利亚的核材料和放射性物质的贩运可分为两个主要部分-内部和运输。内部贩运活动包括计数器和光密度计,辐照设备,除静电工具和烟雾探测器等被盗的放射源,其中主要含有同位素〜(137)Cs,〜(60)Co,〜(192)Ir,〜 (226)Ra和〜(241)Am。非法核材料的外部贩运与从前苏联向西欧和中东国家的原材料和昂贵金属的转移有关,包括铝,,铯,scan,稀土元素,红汞,p和浓缩铀。就边界和国内的设备和合格人员而言,侦查内部和外部贩运对保加利亚当局构成了严重的问题。发展中国家需要用于侦查和应对非法贩运核材料的议定书,这是一种新的威胁,需要迅速执行全面措施和努力,新颖的方法,服务和机构的协调,甚至是新的立法。该文件描述了一个三步模型,可以更好,更快速地应对保加利亚的非法核贩运。这些步骤涉及开发第一响应方案,使用非破坏性分析手段在现场对材料进行分类,然后进行深入分析。还必须与邻国建立联系,以促进执法机构,海关当局,分析实验室等之间的区域合作,以提高打击核材料非法贩运的效率。

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