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首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Advances in Destructive and Non-Destructive Analysis for Environmental Monitoring and Nuclear Forensics; 20021021-20021023; Karlsruhe; DE >QUALITY ASSURANCE AND REFERENCE MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLE ANALYSIS IN NUCLEAR FORENSICS
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QUALITY ASSURANCE AND REFERENCE MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLE ANALYSIS IN NUCLEAR FORENSICS

机译：核法证环境样品分析的质量保证和参考材料要求及注意事项

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摘要

High-sensitivity nuclear environmental sampling and analysis techniques have been proven in their ability to verify declared nuclear activities, as well as to assist in the detection of undeclared nuclear activities and facilities. Following the Gulf War, the capability and revealing power of environmental sampling and analysis techniques to support international safeguards was demonstrated and subsequently adopted by the International Atomic Energy Agency as routine measures in safeguards inspections and verifications. In addition to having been proven useful in international safeguards, environmental sampling and analysis techniques have demonstrated their utility in identifying the origins of 'orphaned' nuclear material, as well as the origin of intercepted smuggled nuclear material. Today, environmental sampling and analysis techniques are being applied in six broad areas to support non-proliferation, disarmament treaty verification, national and international nuclear security, and environmental stewardship of weapons production activities. Consequently, an increasing number of laboratories around the world are establishing or expanding capabilities to meet these growing applications, and, as such, requirements for quality assurance and control are increasing. The six areas are: nuclear safeguards; nuclear forensics/illicit trafficking; ongoing monitoring and verification; Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty; weapons dismantlement/materials disposition; and research and development/environmental stewardship/safety. Application of environmental sampling and analysis techniques and resources to illicit nuclear material trafficking, while embodying the same basic techniques and resources, has unique requirements for sample management, handling, protocols, chain-of-custody, archiving and data interpretation. These requirements are derived from needs of how data from nuclear forensics analyses are to be used in legal proceedings, and also in investigative research. From the legal perspective, one must assume that any results obtained would be used as evidence in a court of law for prosecution of criminal acts. Consequently, quality-assurance requirements are very demanding and unforgiving. For example, forensics analysis results that cannot be independently verified against certified reference materials of known composition and isotopics may not be accepted in a court of law as reliable evidence. Thus, the ability to provide certified and traceable reference materials used in the analyses is extremely important in nuclear forensics. In addition to nuclear signatures, other signatures such as any organics or plant and animal residue that are also on the intercepted materials become important in identifying origin, and will require traceable, known standards. In this paper we describe the quality-assurance requirements and considerations that must be adopted and developed for application and use in nuclear forensics. Recommendations and minimum requirements for standardization of a nuclear forensics quality-assurance programme that could be internationally accepted will also be presented.
机译：高灵敏度核环境取样和分析技术已被证明具有核实已宣布的核活动并协助发现未申报的核活动和设施的能力。海湾战争之后，证明了环境采样和分析技术支持国际保障措施的能力和显示力，随后国际原子能机构将其用作保障措施检查和核查的常规措施。除了被证明可用于国际保障之外，环境采样和分析技术还证明了其在识别“孤立”核材料的起源以及被拦截走私核材料的起源方面的效用。今天，环境采样和分析技术正在六个广泛的领域得到应用，以支持不扩散，裁军条约核查，国家和国际核安全以及武器生产活动的环境管理。因此，全世界越来越多的实验室正在建立或扩展能力以满足这些不断增长的应用，因此，对质量保证和控制的要求也在不断提高。这六个领域是：核保障；核法证/非法贩运；持续的监控和核实；综合禁试条约；武器拆卸/材料处置；以及研发/环境管理/安全性。将环境取样和分析技术和资源应用于非法核材料贩运，尽管体现了相同的基本技术和资源，但对样品管理，处理，协议，产销监管链，存档和数据解释有独特的要求。这些要求源于在司法程序以及调查研究中如何使用核法证分析数据的需求。从法律的角度来看，必须假定所获得的任何结果都将在法庭上用作起诉犯罪行为的证据。因此，对质量保证的要求非常苛刻，也不可原谅。例如，法庭无法将无法相对于已知成分和同位素的认证参考材料独立验证的取证分析结果作为可靠证据。因此，提供用于分析的认证和可追溯参考材料的能力在核法证学中极为重要。除核签名外，其他签名（例如也包含在被拦截材料上的任何有机物或动植物残留物）对于识别来源也很重要，并且需要可追溯的已知标准。在本文中，我们描述了在核法证学中的应用和使用必须采用和发展的质量保证要求和考虑因素。还将提出国际公认的核法证学质量保证计划的建议和最低要求。

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