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首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Alternative Routes of Iron and Steelmaking ICARISM'99, Sep 15-17, 1997, Perth, WA >Emerging Technologies for Ironmaking ?An Indian Perspective
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Emerging Technologies for Ironmaking ?An Indian Perspective

机译：新兴炼铁技术？印度的观点

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摘要

The chief source of metallic iron for steelmaking in India, even today, as it is in most part of the world, is through blast furnace (BF) route. This will continue to be so in the foreseeable future as the technology is most efficient, both process and economy-wise. However, as the world is moving into the next millennium, a critical look is being given to the process primarily because of its non-ecofriendliness (as a result of extensive use of metallurgical coal/coke requiring elaborate pollution control facilities) and huge investment involved for supporting facilities like extensive raw material preparation and handling, agglomeration, adoption of sophisticated instrumentation and control system, etc. Further the process warrants stringent scrutiny from the Indian point of view. Though India possesses vast reserves of iron ore, the same is characterised by high alumina to silica ratio, which results in viscous slag, resulting in higher coke rate and working of the furnace at lower basicities compared to Japanese or European Furnaces. This leads to lower productivity and inferior hot metal quality (high Si content, etc). Further, extensive adoption of mechanised mining has resulted in generation of huge amount of fines and super fines at mines pit head which cannot be used in BF Process without agglomeration. In addition despite having huge reserves of coal, only a small part of it (coking coal) is suitable for blast furnace operation. Further, these coals are characterised by high ash content, lower vitrinite, comparatively lower rank and inferior caking/coking properties. The ash content of coal reflects in ash content of coke which affects coke rate, slag volume, fluxes required and productivity of the blast furnace. Apart from affecting coke quality in terms of ash content, the ash content of coal affects caking/coking properties of coal which in turn affects strength of coke. In order to overcome the above, scientists and technologists have been working for quite sometime specially in the second half of this century to develop suitable process of ironmaking using non coking coals and iron ore fines. Sponge iron has found a place where cheap natural gas or coal is available as reductant and fuel. However, the inability of the process to produce liquid metal similar to blast furnace hot metal quality continued the search for alternative ones, which resulted in development of smelting reduction (SR) processes. These are basically oxy-coal processes aimed at providing an iron product similar to liquid metal produced in the blast furnace and suitable for steelmaking. An attempt has been made in the paper to highlight the development that are taking place in the area of smelting reduction, their current status and relevance of the same under Indian context. Economics have also been worked out for the processes which appear to meet the requirement of the country.
机译：即使在当今世界（大部分地区），印度炼钢金属铁的主要来源还是通过高炉（BF）路线。在可预见的将来，随着技术在过程和经济方面都是最高效的，这种情况将继续如此。然而，随着世界进入下一个千禧年，对该工艺给予了批判性的评价，这主要是因为其不环保（由于大量使用冶金煤/焦炭需要复杂的污染控制设施）和涉及大量投资用于支持设施，例如广泛的原材料制备和处理，集聚，采用先进的仪器和控制系统等。此外，从印度的角度出发，该过程还需要进行严格的审查。尽管印度拥有大量铁矿石储量，但其特点是氧化铝与二氧化硅的比例高，这导致了炉渣的粘滞，与日本或欧洲的熔炉相比，其炼焦率更高，炉子的碱度更低。这导致生产率降低和铁水质量较差（高硅含量等）。此外，机械化开采的广泛采用已导致在矿坑顶部产生大量的细粉和超细粉，如果没有团聚，这些细粉和超细粉就不能用于高炉工艺中。另外，尽管有大量的煤炭储量，但其中只有一小部分（炼焦煤）适合于高炉操作。此外，这些煤的特征在于高的灰分含量，较低的镜质体，相对较低的等级和较差的结块/焦化性能。煤的灰分反映在焦炭的灰分中，焦炭的灰分影响焦炭率，炉渣量，所需的通量和高炉的生产率。除了以灰分含量影响焦炭质量外，煤的灰分含量还影响煤的结块/结焦性能，进而影响焦炭的强度。为了克服上述问题，科学家和技术人员已经在本世纪下半叶专门进行了一段时间的研究，以开发使用非炼焦煤和铁矿粉的合适炼铁工艺。海绵铁已经找到了便宜的天然气或煤炭作为还原剂和燃料的地方。但是，无法生产类似于高炉铁水质量的液态金属的方法继续寻找替代方法，这导致了熔炼还原（SR）工艺的发展。这些基本上是氧-煤工艺，旨在提供类似于高炉中生产的液态金属的铁产品，并且适用于炼钢。本文试图突出显示在还原冶炼领域中的发展，其现状和在印度背景下的相关性。还为似乎符合该国要求的程序制定了经济学。

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