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首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics Vol.1, Sep 4-6, 2002, Louvain-LA-Neuve, Belgium >Ecohydraulics, last frontier for fluvial hydraulics: research challenges and multidisciplinary perspectives
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Ecohydraulics, last frontier for fluvial hydraulics: research challenges and multidisciplinary perspectives

机译：生态液压技术，河流液压技术的最新前沿：研究挑战和多学科视角

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Ecohydraulics aims to reconciliate the development of water resources with ecological considerations and promote the restoration of aquatics ecosystems wherever possible in a perspective of sustainable development. Public policies related to conservation flows have resulted in the rapid development of physical habitat models which are currently used to quantify Instream Flow Needs (IFN) for fish. Perceived as reductionist engineering tools, this kind of models has suffered several criticisms in the past, some of them being reported herein. Many of these critics received careful attention from modelers for more than fifteen years but a lot remains to do to improve the intrinsic value of such instruments. Conceptual suggestions and thoughts are being proposed in this contribution related to the three main components of such models: the biological (or fish) model, the collection or simulation of abiotic variables underlying the habitat definition (the river model), and the dynamic aspects related to hydrology and basin land uses (the hydrological model). For the fish model, conceptualized by empirical behavior laws, new multivariate formalisms are being proposed to increase the model rendering and accuracy with respect to fish distribution in rivers. For documenting the field distribution of abiotic factors (river model), considerations related to DTM are proposed. A mixed use of terrain characterization and simulation results allows to combine several layers of information which, however, require appropriate graphical support and GIS-type analysis tools to homogenize the data layers on common supports and allow proper habitat calculation. Dynamic aspects of habitats, including consideration regarding the seasonal life phases of species, or their response to hydrological regime (Ecohydrology) need also new formalisms in order to convert habitat time series (habitat regime) into meaningful rules for water management planning schemes. An emphasis is put on the validation procedures for habitat models which are based on successive steps of modeling effort each of them having the possibility to introduce errors or biases. Spatial analysis of habitat structures will need some attention from researchers in order to address concerns related to the competitive behavior of species in complex communities or to address the conservation of biodiversity. Finally, it is stated that the multidisciplinary context of habitat studies rely very much on the mutual understanding between engineers and ecologists (modelers) not only about the tools and concepts proposed but also about the basic values governing each participating discipline.
机译：生态液压旨在从可持续发展的角度协调水资源开发与生态考虑，并在可能的情况下促进恢复水生生态系统。与保护流量有关的公共政策导致了物理栖息地模型的快速发展，该模型目前用于量化鱼类的流入流量需求（IFN）。这种模型被认为是简化主义的工程工具，过去曾遭受过几次批评，其中一些已在本文中进行了报道。这些批评家中有许多人在十五年多的时间里受到建模人员的认真关注，但要提高此类工具的内在价值，还有许多工作要做。在此贡献中，提出了与此类模型的三个主要部分有关的概念性建议和想法：生物（或鱼类）模型，栖息地定义所依据的非生物变量的收集或模拟（河流模型）以及与之相关的动态方面水文和流域土地利用（水文模型）。对于通过经验行为定律概念化的鱼类模型，提出了新的多元形式主义，以提高模型在河流中鱼类分布方面的呈现和准确性。为了记录非生物因素的现场分布（河流模型），提出了与DTM相关的注意事项。混合使用地形特征和模拟结果可以组合多层信息，但是，这需要适当的图形支持和GIS类型的分析工具，以使通用支持上的数据层均匀化，并可以进行正确的栖息地计算。为了将栖息地时间序列（栖息地制度）转化为有意义的水管理计划方案，栖息地的动态方面（包括考虑物种的季节性生命阶段或对水文状况的响应）也需要新的形式主义。重点放在栖息地模型的验证程序上，该程序基于连续的建模工作步骤，每个步骤都有可能引入误差或偏差。研究人员需要对生境结构进行空间分析，以便解决与复杂社区中物种竞争行为有关的问题或解决生物多样性的保护问题。最后，据指出，栖息地研究的多学科背景非常依赖于工程师和生态学家（建模者）之间的相互理解，不仅取决于所提出的工具和概念，而且还取决于管理每个参与学科的基本价值。

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