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首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics Vol.2, Sep 4-6, 2002, Louvain-LA-Neuve, Belgium >Simulation of artificial flood releases from Skuifraam Dam to limit its impact on the Berg River morphology
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Simulation of artificial flood releases from Skuifraam Dam to limit its impact on the Berg River morphology

机译：模拟Skuifraam大坝的人工洪水释放，以限制其对Berg River形态的影响

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The proposed Skuifraam Dam, South Africa, will be the first major dam on the Berg River and it could have a major impact on the river morphology. The upper reach of the river where the dam is to be constructed is a steep boulder bed river, while 30 km downstream it becomes a sand-bedded stream. A hydrodynamic-morphological study has been carried out to simulate the long-term pre-dam current conditions, the post-dam morphology without any artificial flood releases and the post-dam morphology with artificial flood releases. A one-dimensional model was used with unsteady flow and coupled sediment transport to simulate a representative 10 year period. The hydrodynamic model was calibrated on flow records at two flow gauging stations on the river. The narrowing of the river due to the construction of the dam was taken into account by using an empirical relationship. Analysis indicated that the large boulders would only be transported during major floods and sediment transport simulation therefore focused on graded sand fractions. The effect of the dam was studied by evaluating the simulated total sediment transport balance of the river and by plotting the discharge-sediment load relationship at different locations along the river, for the pre- and post-dam conditions. The simulations considered one annual flood release from the dam during winter in July or August when the reservoir inflow exceeds 50 m~3/s. The artificial flood degrades the upper reach immediately downstream of the dam, but further downstream the sediment transport balance is improved. The simulations carried out in the 73 km river downstream of the dam indicated that artificial floods are required for river maintenance, but that the originally proposed annual flood of 160 m~3/s would be too regular and not effective to limit aggradation of the lower reaches of the river. Alternating artificial floods of 160 m~3/s and 2401 m~3/s have therefore been proposed for river maintenance, which should be released from the dam with freshets and low flow environmental flow requirements. It is proposed that the methodology followed in this investigation is used at any proposed new and existing dams to evaluate the impact of a dam on the downstream river morphology and to design artificial flood releases.
机译：拟议中的南非Skuifraam大坝将成为Berg河上的第一座大型水坝，并且可能对河流形态产生重大影响。修建大坝的河流上游是一条陡峭的巨石河床，而下游30公里处变成一条沙床河。进行了水动力形态研究，以模拟长期的大坝前现状，没有任何人工洪水释放的大坝后形态和有人工洪水释放的大坝后形态。使用一维模型和非恒定流及耦合的泥沙输送来模拟一个典型的10年周期。在河上两个流量监测站的流量记录中对水动力模型进行了校准。通过经验关系考虑了由于水坝建设而引起的河流变窄。分析表明，大石块只会在大洪水期间运输，因此泥沙运移模拟将重点放在渐变的砂级分上。通过评估模拟的河流总输沙量平衡并绘制大坝前后条件下沿河不同位置的排沙-泥沙负荷关系，研究了大坝的作用。模拟考虑了在七月或八月的冬季，当水库入水量超过50 m〜3 / s时，大坝每年释放一次洪水。人工洪水使大坝下游的上游河段退化，但下游的泥沙输送平衡得到改善。在大坝下游73 km的河流中进行的模拟表明，人工洪水是河道维护所必需的，但是最初提出的160 m〜3 / s的年度洪水将过于规则，并不能有效地限制下游的洪水。河的上游。因此，人们提出了交替进行160 m〜3 / s和2401 m〜3 / s的人工洪水来进行河道维护，应从大坝中释放水源，并满足低流量环境流量的要求。建议在任何拟建的新水坝和现有水坝上使用本研究中采用的方法，以评估水坝对下游河流形态的影响并设计人工洪水的释放。

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